1. The Great 28 Elements
Notes
By Miss Cole

2. Hydrogen Most abundant element in the universe
Colorless, highly flammable gas
Hindenburg disaster (1937)
Lightest gas

3. Helium Gas Used in electric light bulbs and fluorescent tubes
Helium balloons

4. Carbon Latin word “carbo” meaning “charcoal”
Makes: Graphite, diamond, fossil fuels, petroleum, gasoline, CO2
In all living things
Non-metal

5. Nitrogen Makes up 3/4 of air Needed for plant growth Fertilizers
Rocket Fuel
Gunpowder

6. Oxygen 21% of the atmosphere Found in water and most rocks/minerals
Combines with all elements except inert gases
Animals need it to live/breath

7. Sodium
Metallic
Reacts explosively with water
Found in salt
Symbol from latin “natrium” a salt found in nature.

8. Magnesium Burns with a white flame Solid Second most common element
Abundant in nature
8th most abundant in the Earth’s crust

9. Aluminum Ductile- able to be shaped without breaking
Found in Earth’s crust but only mixed with other elements
Makes cans/foil

10. Silicon Found in Earth’s crust Silica/silicates
Glass, concrete, bricks, pottery, old implants

11. Phosphorus Highly reactive Poisonous Solid
Allotropy- many forms, same state (white, red, black)
Pyrotechnics, bombs, fertilizers, detergents

12. Sulfur *correct spelling
Pale yellow
Rotten egg smell
Fireworks
Batteries
Insecticides

13. Chlorine Green/yellow gas Used to clean water, bleaches
Mustard gas used in WWI

14. Potassium Symbol “K” from Latin word “Kalium” (which means potash)
Metal
Soaps
Found in foods and our body needs it.
Ex: bananas, white beans, spinach apricots, salmon

15. Calcium Basic part of most animals/plants Only found in living things
Dairy products
Bones and teeth do not form well without it

16. Chromium
Steel-gray metallic element
Used to make stainless steel

17. Manganese
Used in steel
Naturally magnetic

18. Iron Atomic symbol from the word “Ferrum” which means iron.
Rusts easily
Most used metal
Transports oxygen in the body (blood)

19. Cobalt From German word meaning “evil spirit” bc it was poisonous
Makes blue glass
Ceramic pigments

20. Nickel Coins in the U.S/Canada
From german word “kupfernickel” meaning “devil’s copper” because it looked valuable but is not copper
Burglar-proof vaults

21. Copper MALLEABLE- able to be shaped or bent Reddish-brown color metal
Conducts heat
Tubing, pipes, wires, coins
MALLEABLE- able to be shaped or bent

22. Zinc Bluish-white metal Used to form many ALLOYS- mixture of metals
Treat rashes
gutters

23. Silver
Highest thermal and electrical CONDUCTIVITY of metals (ability to pass something on)
Latin word “argentum” meaning silver
Jewelry, silverware, fancy serving dishes

24. Tin
Coats other metals to prevent corrosion
Latin word “stannum” for tin
Coats steel cans

25. Iodine Medical tracer Dyes Table salt (iodized salt)

26. Gold Latin word “Aurum” meaning gold Most malleable and ductile metal
Precious metal currency, coins, jewelry, and electronics

27. Mercury Silvery poisonous metallic liquid at room temperature
Hg from Greek for that means water and silver
Used in old thermometers
Mercury poisoning

28. Lead Latin “plumbum” means lead
Plumbing, solder, shielding from radiation
Found in ORE-rocks mined because they contain minerals
Poisoning from old paint

29. Uranium
RADIOACTIVE- sends out high energy radiation from a nuclear reaction.
Nuclear fuels
Nuclear weapons