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Soil Review Ms. Sanderson
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The gradual rounding of the corners and edges of angular blocks of rock is called __
Unloading Exfoliation Mechanical weathering Spheroidal weathering
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Spheroidal weathering
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Which of the following is NOT a major component of soil?
Mineral matter Air Earthworms humus
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earthworms
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The process responsible for moving material downslope under the influence of gravity is called __
Weathering Soil formation Erosion Mass movement
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Mass movement
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A mass movement that involves the sudden movement of a block of material along a flat, incline surface is called __ Slide Rockfall Flow slump
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slide
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The atmospheric gas that forms acid rain when dissolved in water is __.
Carbon dioxide Sulfur Oxygen aluminum
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Carbon dioxide
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Why can the removal of vegetation trigger mass movement?
The plant roots lubricate the loose sediment The plant roots bind the soil & regolith together The soil loses nutrients and begins to crumble The shaking triggers mass movements
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The plant roots bind the soil and regolith together
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The downward movement of a block of material along a curved surface is called a(n) ___.
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Slump
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In the process of ___, water freezes and expands, enlarging cracks in rocks.
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Frost wedging
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The process that occurs when physical forces break rock into smaller pieces without changing the rock’s chemical composition is called __. Chemical weathering Differential weathering Mechanical weathering erosion
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Mechanical weathering
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Which of the following is the result of chemical weathering?
A rock that has been split in two A rock that has been changed into one or more new compounds A rock that has been broken into tiny pieces A rock that has lost its outer layers
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A rock that has been changed into one or more new compounds
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In a well-developed soil profile, which horizon is the uppermost layer?
The A horizon The B horizon The C horizon The parent horizon
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A horizon
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The process called __ involved physical forces that break rock into smaller pieces.
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Mechanical weathering
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What is the force behind mass movement?
Gravity Moving ice Flowing water The sun’s energy
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gravity
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One of the most dramatic triggers of sudden mass movement is a(n) __.
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Earthquake
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When a block of material moves downslope along a curved surface, the type of mass movement is called ___. Creep A rockslide A rockfall A slump
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slump
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Which of the following weathering processes involves the constant freezing and thawing of water?
Exfoliation Spheroidal weathering Unloading Frost wedging
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Frost wedging
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A large pile of debris that forms at the base of a slope is called __.
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talus
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The layer of rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering, and covering nearly all of Earth’s land surface, is called __.
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regolith
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What factor commonly triggers mass movement?
Removal of vegetation Earthquakes Saturation of the surface materials with water All of the above
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All of the above
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How are the soil horizons ordered from the top of the profile to the bottom?
A, B, C C, B, A A, C, B B, C, A
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A, B, C
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The B horizon is also called the __
Partially altered parent material Topsoil Subsoil Unaltered parent material
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subsoil
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The downslope movement of rock, regolith, and soil under the direct influence of gravity is called a(n) ___.
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Mass movement
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The process that changes rock into one or more new compounds is called _____.
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Chemical weathering
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A soil’s texture is determined by __
Particle size Water content Type of humus Mineral composition
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Particle size
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Which of the following is NOT associated with mechanical weathering?
Biological activity Frost wedging Unloading Reactions with oxygen
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Reactions with oxygen
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The factor that has the greatest effect on soil formation is __
Climate Slope orientation Time Parent material
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Climate
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What is the correct order for water eroding soil?
rills, sheet erosion, gullies Sheet erosion, gullies, rills Sheet erosion, rills, gullies Gullies, rills, sheet erosion
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Sheet erosion, rills, gullies
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Soils are divided into zones known as _____
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horizons
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The most important agent of chemical weathering is ___
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water
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Whenever the characteristics and chemical composition of weathered materials have been altered, they have undergone __. Frost wedging Mass movement Chemical weathering Mechanical weathering
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Chemical weathering
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What is responsible for the formation of exfoliation domes?
Reaction with oxygen Frost wedging Biological activity unloading
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unloading
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A soil associated with the hot and wet tropics is __.
Pedalfer Pedocal Laterite Bedrock soil
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laterite
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