1. Energy for Life
Chapter 4 Section 3 p

2. A. Cells use Chemical Reactions
Cells use chemical reactions to change the chemical energy stored in food into forms needed to perform cell activities

3. A. Cells use Chemical Reactions
1. Metabolism – The total of all
chemical reactions
in an organism

4. A. Cells use Chemical Reactions
2. Chemical reactions require enzymes
(which cause, or speed up, or slow down reactions without themselves being changed and therefore can be used again and again.)

5. B. Photosynthesis
The process that plants and other organisms use to convert sunlight energy into chemical energy or sugars (glucose) to be used as food.

7. B. Photosynthesis 1. Producers – organisms that make their own food
Consumers – organisms that can not make their own food.

8. B. Photosynthesis
Chlorophyll and other pigments are used in photosynthesis to capture sunlight
Which is used to produce sugar (glucose) and oxygen

9. C. Respiration
The process in which chemical reactions break down food molecules into simpler substances and release stored energy

10. C. Respiration
1. Respiration of carbohydrates begins in the cytoplasm

11. C. Respiration 1. Respiration of carbohydrates begins in the cytoplasm
a. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose molecules

12. C. Respiration
1. Respiration of carbohydrates begins in the cytoplasm
a. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose molecules
b. Each glucose molecule is broken down into two simpler molecules, releasing energy. + +

13. C. Respiration
2. Respiration moves into the mitochondria

14. + C. Respiration 2. Respiration moves into the mitochondria
a. The two simpler molecules are broken down again, releasing much more energy. +

15. C. Respiration 2. Respiration moves into the mitochondria
a. The two simpler molecules are broken down again, releasing much more energy.
b. This process uses oxygen and produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water as waste products.
C6H12O O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
glucose oxygen carbon water
dioxide

16. D. Fermentation
Cells that do not have enough oxygen for respiration use this process to release some of the energy stored in glucose molecules

17. D. Fermentation
Cells that do not have enough oxygen for respiration use this process to release some of the energy stored in glucose molecules
1. Entire process occurs in the cytoplasm.

18. D. Fermentation
Cells that do not have enough oxygen for respiration use this process to release some of the energy stored in glucose molecules
1. Entire process occurs in the cytoplasm.
2. Produces lactic acid, alcohol, and carbon dioxide as wastes

19. E. Comparisons
Photosynthesis and respiration are almost the opposite of each other.

20. E. Comparisons
Photosynthesis and respiration are almost the opposite of each other.
1. Photosynthesis produces (end products are) glucose and oxygen which are used in respiration
6CO H2O energy  C6H12O O2 carbon water sunlight glucose oxygen
dioxide energy

21. E. Comparisons
Photosynthesis and respiration are almost the opposite of each other.
1. Photosynthesis produces (end products are) glucose and oxygen which are used in respiration
2. Respiration produces (end products are) carbon dioxide and water, which are used in photosynthesis
6CO H2O energy  C6H12O O2 carbon water sunlight glucose oxygen
dioxide energy
C6H12O O2  6CO H2O + energy
glucose oxygen carbon water chemical
dioxide energy