1. All organisms use energy to carry out the functions of life.
Photosynthesis
All organisms use energy to carry out the functions of life.

2. Agenda Go over Vocabulary Definitions Photosynthesis Web Activity
What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
What are the colors of the visible light spectrum?
In what cellular organelle does photosynthesis take place?
Why is photosynthesis important?
How is the process of photosynthesis in C4, C3, and CAM plants different?
Go over Vocabulary Definitions
Photosynthesis Web Activity
Notes: Photosynthesis-light & pigments
Worksheet: Absorption of Chlorophyll

3. Importance of Photosynthesis
Transforms sunlight energy into chemical energy stored in molecules (bonds)
Bond energy within triose phosphate formed in photosynthesis is transferred between organisms within the food pyramid (more energy at bottom than top)
Triose phosphate (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) is converted to carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids
Photosynthesis releases oxygen to atmosphere

4. Reactants Products Biochemical Reaction Triose phosphate (Glucose)
Oxygen
Sunlight
Water
Carbon dioxide
H2O + CO2 + light energy  (C6H12O6)+ O2

5. Capturing the Light
“Light dependent reactions” take place in chloroplast
found in mesophyll
of leaf.
Grana within
thylakoid membrane
Stroma-solution
Surrounding grana

6. Light and Pigments
Sun light appears white, but it is actually composed of a variety of colors called the Visible Spectrum.
Light can be reflected, absorbed or transmitted by an object.
Pigment absorb light, therefore the light reflected or transmitted no longer appears white

7. Peaks indicate
Light absorbed
Trough where light is reflected

8. The color you see is what is reflected.
Ex. Chlorophyll (a,b) absorbs blue and red light, but reflects green light

9. Review Complete the Absorption of Chlorophyll Worksheet
What are the reactants and products of photosynthesis?
What are the colors of the visible light spectrum?
In what cellular organelle does photosynthesis take place?
Why is photosynthesis important?
Complete the Absorption of Chlorophyll Worksheet

10. Agenda
How does the structure of a chloroplast lead to light absorption?
What are the variety of pigments found in the thylakoid of a chloroplast?
Review Light Absorption
Review Vocabulary
Notes: Structure of Leaf & pigment
Complete Pigments & Light Absorption PSSA Worksheet

11. Structure of Leaf Leaves are a plant's main photosynthetic organs.
Gases and water vapor come in and out of a leaf through its stoma.

12. Epidermis
Outer layer which produces a waxy waterproof coating.
undersurface produces guard cells, which swell and shrink to close and open the pores (stomata) which control the loss of water vapor (transpiration) and the entry of carbon dioxide.
Mesophyll
contain the photosynthetic cells of the leaf.
long columnar cells nearer the surface (palisade parenchyma)
looser irregular cells beneath (the spongy mesophyll parenchyma).

13. Log onto:
Select:
#4 Structure of a Leaf
#6 Chloroplast Structure

14. Chloroplast Pigments Within the thylakoid are a variety of pigments.
Chlorophyll a- yellow/green
Chlorophyll b- blue/green
Carotenoids - orange
Each pigment absorbs a different wavelength of light.

16. Chlorophyll a is directly involved in the light reactions of photosynthesis
Chlorophyll b and carotenoids are considered to be accessory pigments, assisting Chlorophyll a in capturing light energy.

17. Review Complete Pigments & Light Absorption PSSA Worksheet
How does the structure of a chloroplast lead to light absorption?
What are the variety of pigments found in the thylakoid of a chloroplast?
Complete Pigments & Light Absorption PSSA Worksheet

18. Agenda Vocabulary Quiz Notes: Photolysis & light Reaction
What occurs during photolysis?
How does the structure of a photosystem lead to it function?
What is the main purpose of the light dependent phase of photosynthesis?
Vocabulary Quiz
Notes: Photolysis & light Reaction
Complete Section 6-1 Review Worksheet & Photosynthesis PSSA Worksheet

19. Photolysis Splitting of water molecules
Oxygen is released through stomata
H+ picked up by NADP and pumped through thylakoid to stroma for Calvin cycle
Carbon Dioxide is absorbed through stomata and used in the Calvin cycle

20. Light Dependent Phase-thylakoid
Groups of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment molecules are found in the thylakoid membrane
Photosystem I
Photosystem II
Accessory pigment molecules in both photosystems absorb light energy causing electrons to become excited.
Energy is passed within the photosystem through pigment molecules to chlorophyll a

22. Electron Transport Chain
Aided by enzymes, therefore affected by temperature
Excited electrons leave chlorophyll a molecules to a primary electron acceptor in the stroma of the chloroplast
Electron acceptor donates electrons to a series of molecules located in the thylakoid
allowing protons(H+) to move into the thylakoid

23. Electron Transport Chain cont.
Photosystem I electrons are replaced by electrons from Photosystem II
Photosystem II gets the electrons from splitting water, for every 2 water split, 4 electrons are available
If this did not happen, photosynthesis would stop

25. Chemiosmosis/ATP Synthase
Relies on a concentration gradient of protons across the thylakoid membrane.
Protons are pushed through ATP Synthase in the thylaloid membrane
Adds a phosphate group to ADP making ATP

27. Review Complete Section 6-1 Review Worksheet
What occurs during photolysis?
How does the structure of a photosystem lead to it function?
What is the main purpose of the light dependent phase of photosynthesis?
Complete Section 6-1 Review Worksheet
Complete Photosynthesis & Light Absorption PSSA Worksheet

28. Agenda Review Lab: Plant Stoma
What is the main purpose of the light independent phase of photosynthesis?
How is the process of photosynthesis in C4, C3, and CAM plants different?
Review
Lab: Plant Stoma
Notes: Light Independent Phase & Alternative Pathways
Complete Biochemistry of Photosynthesis PSSA Worksheet

29. Light Independent Phase
Also called the Calvin Cycle
Produces organic compounds, using the energy stored in ATP and NADPH in the light reactions and carbon dioxide
Steps
CO2 diffuses into stroma combining with an enzyme (RuBP), the molecule is split and becomes 3-PGA
Each PGA is converted to another molecule(3-phosphate) in a 2 part step
One receives a P from ATP, and the other receives a Proton (H+) from NADPH
One G3P leaves to make carbohydrates
One is converted back to RuBP to be used again

31. Summary

32. Carried out by Plants C3 plants. C4 plants.
because the CO2 is first incorporated into a 3-carbon compound.
Stomata are open during the day.
Photosynthesis takes place throughout the leaf.
Most plants are C3.
C4 plants.
because the CO2 is first incorporated into a 4-carbon compound.
Stomata are partially open during hottest part of the day.
into the plant very quickly, and then it "delivers" the CO2 directly to RUBISCO for photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis takes place in inner cells
Ex. Corn, Sugar Cane, Crab grass
CAM plants. CAM stands for Crassulacean Acid Metabolism
because the CO2 is stored in the form of an acid before use in photosynthesis.
Stomata open at night (when evaporation rates are usually lower) and are usually closed during the day. CAM plants include many succulents such as cactus, agaves, bromeliads and also some orchids

33. Review What is the main purpose of the calvin cycle of photosynthesis?
Complete Biochemistry of Photosynthesis PSSA Worksheet