1. Chapter 8 Photosynthesis

2. Ch. 8-1 Energy & Life All living things need energy
Plants capture energy from sunlight to produce food (autotrophs)
Animals get energy from food (heterotrophs)

3. Chemical Energy
One of the most imp. compounds that living things use to store energy – ATP
ATP – adenosine triphosphate
Has 3 parts: →
When the bond
is broken b/t the
2nd & 3rd phosphate
energy is released

4. ATP – ADP cycle
When ATP gives up some energy, it’s converted to ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
ADP doesn’t
have much
energy, so
it must be
re-converted
to ATP again

5. Ch. 8-2 Investigating Photosynthesis
Van Helmont – discovered that plants gain most of their mass from water

6. Investigating Photo Priestly – discovered oxygen ←his expt.
Ingenhousz – showed that
plants give off O2 only when exposed to light

7. Equation for Photosynthesis
6 CO H2O → C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen

8. Light & Photo
Plants gather sunlight with light-absorbing molecules called pigments *necessary for photosynthesis!
Main pigment is chlorophyll
Chlorophyll absorbs light only in certain parts of the visible spectrum
Two types of Chlorophyll:
Chlorophyll a - absorbs blue-violet and red light.
Chlorophyll b - absorbs blue and red light.
Green light is not absorbed! It’s reflected!

9. Light & Photo Plants do not absorb light well in the green part of
the spectrum.
Why?
(green light
is reflected by
plants, which is
why they appear green)
A pigment will be the color of the spectrum of light that it CANNOT absorb!

10. Accessory Pigments:
Their purpose is to absorb light where chlorophyll does not – they absorb green light! (They complete the absorption spectrum)
Carotenoids: which produce orange, red, and brown colors in such things as carrots, cranberries, grapes, and rutabagas
Anthocyanins: produce purple, blue and red colors, such as: concord grapes, blueberries, and plums.
Xanthophylls: produce yellow colors, such as in corn and daffodils

11. stoma

13. Ch. 8-3 The Reactions of Photo
Take place in the chloroplasts
Parts of a chloroplast:
thylakoids: sac-
like photosynthetic
membranes
granum(a) – stacks
of thylakoids
stroma – space
outside thylakoid
great review video

14. Steps of Photosynthesis
Two main parts:
1. Light-dependent reaction
2. Light-independent reaction (Calvin Cycle)
6 CO H2O → C6 H12 O6 + 6 O2
(2) (1) (2) (1)
Electron Carriers
When light excites electrons (e-) in chlorophyll, they gain energy
These high-energy e- require a special carrier
NADP+ is one e- carrier
It is like an uncharged battery (like ADP)
It turns to NADPH when charged

15. Light-Dependent Reaction
Take place in the grana / thylakoid membrane (with chlorophyll)
Raw materials:
light, water,
ADP & NADP+
(uncharged
batteries)
Products:
ATP,
NADPH (charged
& O2 (given off into air)
Video Slower animation

16. Step 2 – Light Independent Reaction (Calvin Cycle)
Raw materials: ATP, NADPH & CO2
Products: C6H12O6
Takes place in the stroma

17. Calvin Cycle – add to picture
Uses ATP and NADPH from the light reactions to produce high-energy sugars such as glucose.
Uses 6 molecules of CO2 to produce one 6-Carbon sugar.
The sugar is either then used for immediate energy or to build larger molecules such as cellulose or starch.

18. Calvin cycle video clip
Calvin cycle animation

19. Overview of Photosynthesis

20. Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
a. Amount of water
b. Temperature (photo depends on enzymes
that work best at 0°C to 35°C (32oF to 95oF)
c. Light Intensity
d. CO2 concentration
e. surface area of leaves

21. Factors Affecting Photo

22. Photosynthesis Review Round 1
Number your paper 1-8.
1. Name the energy storage molecule (the charged battery)._______
2. What are organisms called that can produce their own food?_______
3. What molecule can be compared to a partially charged battery?________
4. Name the ultimate source of energy for plants & animals._____
5. What are organisms called that get energy from other animals & plants? ________
What is the location of the high energy bond in ATP? _________
What is the simple sugar that stores great amounts of energy? ________
The 3 parts of ATP are: ________, _________ & 3 _________.

23. Answers – Exchange papers with a partner

24. Answers – Round 1 1. ATP 2. Autotroph 3. ADP 4. The sun
5. Heterotrophs
6. Between the 2nd & 3rd phosphate
7. Glucose
8. Adenine, ribose, 3 phosphates

25. Photosynthesis Review Round 2
Number your paper 1-4
Match each scientist with their contribution to photosynthesis:
Plants gain most of their mass through water.
Using a candle & a jar, he observed that plants produce a gas that kept the candle burning.
Found that plants need sunlight to produce oxygen.
Traced the path in plants that produces glucose; known as the light-independent reaction.
Priestly Ingenhousz van Helmont Calvin

26. Answers – Exchange papers with a partner

27. Answers – Round 2
1. van Helmont
2. Priestly
3. Ingenhousz
4. Calvin

28. Photosynthesis Review Round 3
Number your paper 1-9.
1. Write the equation for photosynthesis in symbols.
2. Write the equation for photosynthesis in words.
3. Plants gather light with molecules called _______; the main one in plants is ____________.
4. Two areas of the visible spectrum that chlorophyll absorbs light well from are ______ & ______.
5. Photosynthesis occurs in the _________ of plants.
6. Photosynthetic membranes in the chloroplasts are called ___________.
7. A ______ is a stack of thylakoids.
8. The _________ is the space outside the grana.
9. _______ can be compared to a device used to transfer hot coals.

29. Answers – Exchange papers with a partner.

30. Answers – Round 3 1. 6CO2 + 6H2O + light → C6H`2O6 + 6O2
2. carbon dioxide + water + light → glucose + oxygen
3. pigment; chlorophyll
4. blue & red
5. chloroplasts
6. thylakoids
7. granum
8. stroma
9. NAPD+

31. Photosynthesis Review Round 4
Number your paper 1-9.
1. The part of photosynthesis that requires light is called the _____________ reaction.
2. The part of photosynthesis that does not require light is called the _______ cycle.
3. Name 4 raw materials of the light- dependent reaction: ______, ______, ______ & ______.
4. Name 3 products of the light-dependent reaction:
______, ______ & ______.
Name 3 raw materials of the Calvin cycle: _____, ______ & ________
Name 1 product of the Calvin cycle: ________.
The light-dependent reaction takes place in the _______.
The Calvin cycle takes place in the ________.
Name 3 factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis:

32. Answers – Exchange papers with a partner.

33. Answers – Round 4 light-dependent Calvin cycle (light-independent)
Light, water, ADP & NADP+
ATP, NADPH, & O2
ATP, NADPH & CO2
C6H12O6 (glucose)
grana
stroma
9. temperature, light & water

34. Photosynthesis Review Round 5
Number your paper Multiple Choice:
Which of the following is an autotroph:
A. cheetah B. mushroom
C. fern D. frog
One of the most important compounds that living things use to store energy is:
A. DNA B. ATP
C. H2O D. CO2
Which scientist discovered oxygen?
A. Van Helmont B. Calvin
C. Priestly D. Ingenhousz
The products of photosynthesis are:
A. sugar & oxygen B. water & CO2
C. oxygen & hydrogen D. sugar & carbon dioxide

35. Photosynthesis Review Round 5
Which substance from the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis is a source of energy for the Calvin cycle?
A. ADP B. H2O
C. NADPH D. CO2
In which structures in a chloroplast does the Calvin cycle take place?
A. stroma B. grana
C. thylakoid D. stacks of pancakes
The leaves of a plant appear green because chlorophyll:
A. reflects blue light B. absorbs blue light
C. reflects green light D. absorbs green light
Which molecule stores the most amount of energy?
A. ADP B. ATP
C. fat D. glucose

36. Answers – Round 5
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. A
7. C
8. D

37. Answers – Exchange papers with a partner