1. Biology Brooker/Widmaier/Graham/Stiling 1st Edition Chapter 8
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2. Question 1
The organelles in plants and algae that carry out photosynthesis are called:
A) mitochondria.
B) chlorophyll.
C) chloroplasts.
D) stomata.
E) mesophyll.

3. Question 2
Which one of the following statements about electromagnetic radiation is incorrect?
A) Light in the visible portion of the electromagnetic spectrum powers photosynthesis.
B) Visible light comprises a large percentage of the electromagnetic spectrum of the sun.
C) Photons of visible light can be absorbed by molecules in living cells in a way that does not permanently harm the molecules.
D) Electromagnetic radiation travels as waves caused by the oscillation of electric and magnetic fields.
E) The distance between peaks in a wave pattern of electromagnetic radiation is called the wavelength.

4. Question 3
True or False: The Calvin Cycle reactions are sometimes referred to as the "dark cycle" reactions because they cannot occur in the presence of wavelengths of visible light.
A) True
B) False

5. Question 4
The addition of an oxygen molecule to ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) is most accurately referred to as:
A) oxidative phosphorylation.
B) photorespiration.
C) photophosphorylation.
D) aerobic respiration.
E) phosphorespiration.

6. Question 5
Organisms which synthesize organic molecules from inorganic sources are most accurately referred to as ________, while organisms which must consume organic molecules from their environments to survive are most accurately referred to as ________.
A) heterotrophs; photoautotrophs
B) plants; animals
C) photoautotrophs; chemoautotrophs
D) autotrophs; heterotrophs
E) auxotrophs; autotrophs

7. Question 6
Calvin cycle reactions occur in the ________, while light reactions occur in the ________.
A) stroma; thylakoid membranes
B) thylakoid lumen; thylakoid membranes
C) stroma; thylakoid lumen
D) thylakoid membranes; inner membrane
E) intermembrane space; stroma

8. Question 7
True or False: The term pigment is used to describe molecules that, when light strikes them, change the path of the light in a different direction.
A) True
B) False

9. Question 8
When an electron absorbs energy and exists in an excited state, the electron can:
A) drop back down to its original energy level and release light.
B) be removed from one molecule and transferred to a different molecule.
C) drop back down to its original energy level and release heat.
D) (a) and (b)
E) (a), (b) and (c)

10. Question 9 The primary electron acceptor in Photosystem II is: A) QA.
B) D1.
C) CP43.
D) pheophytin.
E) P680

11. Question 10
Which one of the following is the primary function of photosystem I in photosynthesis?
A) production of oxygen
B) production of glucose
C) synthesis of NADH
D) synthesis of ATP
E) synthesis of NADPH

12. Question 11
Which one of the following statements most accurately explains the "enhancement effect" seen in photosynthesis?
A) The production of protons in photosystem II, combined with the consumption of protons in photosystem I, produce an electrochemical gradient used to synthesize ATP.
B) The absorption of 1380-nm light results in more than twice the rate of photosynthesis than absorbing light of 680-nm and 700-nm.
C) 680-nm light activates the pigment in the reaction center of photosystem II, while 700-nm light activates the pigment in the reaction center of photosystem I.
D) 680-nm light activates the pigment in the reaction center of photosystem I, while 700-nm light activates the pigment in the reaction center of photosystem II.
E) None of the above accurately explain the enhancement effect seen in photosynthesis.

13. Question 12
True or False: The absorption of light during photosystem I results in an electron with a higher energy level than was attained during photosystem II.
A) True
B) False

14. Question 13
Cyclic photophosphorylation is necessary in some photosynthetic organisms because:
A) NADPH, but not ATP, is produced via photosystem I.
B) the Calvin cycle requires equal amounts of NADPH and ATP, but more NADPH than ATP is produced in photosystem I.
C) photosynthetic cells have no mitochondria and therefore have an increased ATP production requirement from their chloroplasts.
D) ATP is consumed to transfer electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I and must be replenished prior to the Calvin cycle.
E) None of the above statements accurately describe the need for cyclic photophosphorylation.

15. Question 14
Which one of the following statements about chloroplast cytochrome b6 and mitochondrial cytochrome b is incorrect?
A) Both transport H+ across a biological membrane.
B) They are products of homologous genes.
C) Both accept electrons from a quinone.
D) Both donate electrons to another protein within their respective complexes.
E) All of the above statements about choloroplast cytochrome b6 and mitochondrial cytochrome b are correct.

16. Question 15
Arrange the phases of the Calvin Cycle in order from first to last.
carbon fixation
regeneration of RuBP
carbohydrate production
A) i, ii, iii
B) ii, iii, i
C) i, iii, ii
D) iii, ii, i
E) ii, i, iii

17. Question 16
The most common storage form of carbohydrate in chloroplasts is:
A) glucose.
B) sucrose.
C) cellulose.
D) starch.
E) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

18. Question 17
Which one of the following statements about Rubisco is incorrect? Rubisco:
A) is perhaps the most abundant protein on Earth.
B) catalyzes the formation of a six-carbon compound from ribulose bisphosphate and carbon dioxide.
C) has carboxylase activity.
D) is believed to have evolved fairly recently in the evolution of plants.
E) All of the above statements about Rubisco are correct.

19. Question 18
True or False: C4 plants are particularly suited for conditions of high temperatures and intense sunlight.
A) True
B) False

20. Question 19
The first product synthesized from photosynthesis in C4 plants is:
A) glucose.
B) 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG).
C) oxaloacetate.
D) RuBP.
E) malate.

21. Question 20
Which one of the following statements about CAM plants is correct?
A) accumulate malate in the vacuoles of their cells, which is eventually used to drive Calvin cycle reactions.
B) are a type of C3 plant.
C) open their stomata during the day and close them at night.
D) separate the functions of carbon fixation and the Calvin cycle into different types of cells.
E) None of the above statements about CAM plants are correct.

22. Answer Key 1. C 11. C 2. B 12. A 3. B 13. E 4. B 14. E 5. D 15. C 6. A