1. Photosynthesis & Cellular Respirtaion
Remember Cornell Format

2. What is photosynthesis?
The process which plants make glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide, water and sunlight.
Photosynthesis is broken into two stages.

3. Photosynthesis Materials
Sunlight is trapped by the pigment chlorophyll in the chloroplast
Water is taken in by the roots
Carbon dioxide is taken in by the stomata on the underside of the leaves.

4. Photosynthesis Products
Oxygen is breathed out by the plants through the stomata
Glucose is stored in the plant and only obtained by eating the plant.

5. What happens in the 1st stage of photosynthesis?
Light-dependent reactions where light passes through the thykaloid membrane and down the electron transport chain.
ATP, Oxygen and NADPH are formed during this process.

6. What happens in the 2nd stage of photosynthesis?
The second stage of photosynthesis is the light-independent reaction.
It is called the Calvin Cycle
The Calvin Cycle uses the ATP and NADPH (from the 1st stage) to produce the sugar glucose.

7. What are chemical equations?
The way scientist represent a chemical reaction on paper.
Materials Products
The arrow is read as yields

8. Where does photosynthesis occur?
Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast of plant cells.
Chlorophyll in the chloroplast make the plants green because they don’t absorb the green light.

9. Photosynthesis Light

10. What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?
Amount of water
Light intensity
Temperature

11. What is ATP?
A common form in which energy is stored in living things.

12. What is ADP?
Molecule formed when you break off a phosphate group for ATP; release energy.

13. ATP vs. ADP
ATP-three phosphate groups
ADP-only two phosphate groups

14. ATP & ADP
The energy released from ATP breaking a phosphate bond is used for cellular activities.

16. What is respiration? Glucose + O2 = CO2 + H2O + ATP Glucose is C6H12O6
The process in which cells turn glucose into energy for running cellular activities.
Cells need glucose and oxygen and produce carbon dioxide, water and energy.
Cellular respiration takes place in 2 stages
Glucose + O2 = CO2 + H2O + ATP
Glucose is C6H12O6

17. What is the 1st stage of respiration?
The first stage of occurs in the cells cytoplasm and is conducted by the lysosomes.
It is an anaerobic process.
It is called glycloysis. 2 ATPs are produced

18. What is the 2nd stage of respiration?
The second stage occurs in the mitochondria. It is in two parts. It is aerobic.
1st is the Krebs cycle. For every turn through the cycle ATP and 2CO2
2nd is the electron transport chain in which 2H2O and ATP
Total 36 ATPs are produced during the two parts of 2nd stage of respiration

19. Where it happens--Mitochondria

20. Photosynthesis & Respiration
They complement each other as each ones products are the materials are needed for the other.

21. What happens when O2 isn’t available?
Fermentation takes place when oxygen is available and energy is needed.
Two types of fermentation
Alcoholic—energy, alcohol and carbon dioxide are the products
Lactic Acid—energy and lactic acid are the products (2 ATPs produced) Occurs in humans when need more energy than oxygen breathed in.

22. Fermentation
Yeast is used in alcoholic fermentation. Energy is produced without oxygen.

23. Fermentation
Lactic Acid occurs when you exercise strenuously and are unable to breathe in enough oxygen.
Lactic acid causes the muscles to hurt.

24. What are the key terms? Anaerobic respiration Aerobic respiration
Lactic acid fermentation
Alcoholic fermentation
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Pigment
Chlorophyll
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis