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Photosynthesis
Energy & Life
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Biochemical Energy
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Autotrophs
Plants and some other types of organisms that contain chlorophyll are able to use light energy from the sun to produce food.
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Autotrophs
Autotrophs include organisms that make their own food
Autotrophs can use the sun’s energy directly
Euglena
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5. Candles release energy as HEAT & LIGHT
Energy Takes Many Forms such as light, heat, electrical, chemical, mechanical
Energy can be changed from one form to another
Energy can be stored in chemical bonds & then released later
Candles release energy as HEAT & LIGHT
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ATP – Cellular Energy
Adenosine Triphosphate
Stores energy in phosphate bonds
Also contains the nitrogen base adenine & a ribose sugar
Main Molecule Used To Store Energy In Living Organisms
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7. One phosphate bond has been removed
ADP
Adenosine Diphosphate
ATP releases energy, a phosphate, & ADP when the phosphate bond is broken.
One phosphate bond has been removed
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8. Releasing Energy From ATP
Adding A Phosphate Group To ADP stores Energy in ATP
Removing A Phosphate Group From ATP Releases Energy & forms ADP
Loose
Gain
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9. Cells Using Biochemical Energy
Cells Use ATP For:
Active transport
Movement
Photosynthesis
Protein Synthesis
Cellular respiration
All other cellular reactions
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10. The Photosynthetic Reactions
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11. It Begins with Sunlight!
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Photosynthesis
Involves the Use Of light Energy to convert Water (H20) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) into Oxygen (O2) and High Energy Carbohydrates (sugars, e.g. Glucose)
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13. The Photosynthesis Equation
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Pigments
In addition to water, carbon dioxide, and light energy, photosynthesis requires Pigments
Chlorophyll is the primary light-absorbing pigment in autotrophs
Chlorophyll is found inside chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria
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15. Photoautotrophs Absorb Light Energy
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Inside A Chloroplast
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17. Structure of the Chloroplast
Double membrane organelle
Outer membrane smooth
Inner membrane forms stacks of connected sacs called thylakoids
Thylakoid stack is called the granum (grana-plural)
Gel-like material around grana called stroma
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19. Light Dependent Reactions
Occurs across the thylakoid membranes (contain chlorophyll)
Uses light energy
Produce Oxygen from water
Convert ADP to ATP
Also convert NADP+ into the energy carrier NADPH
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20. Light Dependent Reaction
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21. Light Dependent Summary
Reactants:
H2O
Light Energy
Products:
ATP
NADPH
Oxygen (waste)
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22. Light Independent Reaction
ATP & NADPH from light reactions used as energy
Atmospheric C02 is used to make sugars like glucose and fructose
The light dependent reaction is also known as the Calvin Cycle
Occurs in the stroma
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Function of the Stroma
Light Independent(without light) reactions occur here
ATP used to make carbohydrates like glucose
Location of the Calvin Cycle
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24. Light Independent Summary
Reactants:
Carbon Dioxide
ATP (from LD)
NADPH (from LD)
Products:
NADP+
ADP
Glucose (sugar)
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25. Photosynthesis Overview
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26. Factors Affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis
Amount of available water
Temperature
Amount of available light energy
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