1. ATP
Section 8-1
Adenine
Ribose
3 Phosphate groups
Go to Section:

2. Adenosine Triphosphate = ATP
Chemical compound which stores energy
Cellular Energy used to:
Break or form chemical bonds
Change the shape of proteins
Move molecules across plasma membrane (Active transport)
Move cells (flagellum)

3. Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery
Section 8-1
ADP
ATP
Energy
Energy
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Partially
charged
battery
Fully
charged
battery
Go to Section:

4. Figure 8-3 Comparison of ADP and ATP to a Battery
Section 8-1
ADP
ATP
Energy
Energy
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) + Phosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Partially
charged
battery
Fully
charged
battery
Go to Section:

6. Photosynthesis

7. How did we figure out how plants work?
Jan van Helmont
Thought plants grew by taking material out of soil
Planted a seedling in a pot of soil
Watered daily
After 5 years the tree gained 75 kg
Soil mass did not change
Figured out the -hydrate part of carbohydrate

8. How did we figure out how plants work?
Joseph Priestly
Placed a glass jar over a lit candle
The flame went out
Placed a live sprig of mint under the jar
The candle burned much longer
Deduced that the plant produced a substance needed for burning (oxygen)

9. How did we figure out how plants work?
Jan Ingenhousz
Priestly’s experiment only worked in sunlight
Deduced that sunlight is required for oxygen to be made by plants

11. Photosynthesis: Reactants and Products
Section 8-2
Light Energy
Chloroplast
CO2 + H2O
Sugars + O2
Go to Section:

12. Figure 8-5 Chlorophyll Light Absorption
Section 8-2
Absorption of Light by
Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll a V B G Y O R
Go to Section:

13. Chlorophyll Light absorbing molecule (pigment)
Reflects green light wavelength (that’s why plants are green)
Light energy excites electrons
2 types (a & b)
Chlorophyll a absorbs red & violet wavelengths
Chlorophyll b absorbs blue, orange, & red wavelengths

14. Chlorophyll
Translation?  Plants under yellow & green light will carry out photosynthesis at a lower rate than the same type of plant under other colors (blue, violet, red). 

15. Inside a Chloroplast

18. Chloroplast Vocabulary
Thylakoids – Photosynthetic membranes
Grana – Stacks of thylakoids
Stroma – Region outside of the thylakoid membranes
Light Dependent Reactions occur within the thylakoids
The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma

20. Light Dependent Reactions
The light reactions use light & water which produce the oxygen "waste product". 

21. Light dependent reactions = photolysis
Photolysis translates as light (photo-) splits (-lysis)
The light energy is used to split the water molecule, which produces H+ & O- ions.

23. Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview
Section 8-3
Light O2
Sugars
CO2
Chloroplast
Chloroplast
NADP+
ADP + P
Light-
Dependent
Reactions
Calvin
Cycle
ATP
NADPH
Go to Section:

24. Figure 8-10 Light-Dependent Reactions
Section 8-3
Hydrogen
Ion Movement
Photosystem II
Chloroplast
ATP synthase
Inner
Thylakoid
Space
Thylakoid
Membrane
Stroma
Electron
Transport Chain
Photosystem I
ATP Formation
Go to Section:

25. Excited electrons
Electron transport = Electrons are moved by carrier molecules
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate =
(Holds 2 high energy electrons & a hydrogen ion)
This changes the molecule to NADPH
NADP+

26. Hydrogen Ion Concentrations
Hydrogen ions are pumped (via proton pump) into the thylakoid
Concentration of hydrogen ions fuels the production of ATP from ADP as the hydrogen ions are sent back across the thylakoid membrane through an ATP synthase

27. Light Dependent Reactions End-Products
Figure 8-10 Light-Dependent Reactions
Section 8-3
Light Dependent Reactions End-Products
ADP  ATP
NADP+  NADPH
Go to Section:

29. Concept Map Photosynthesis Light- dependent reactions Calvin cycle
Section 8-3
Photosynthesis
includes
Light-
dependent
reactions
Calvin cycle
takes place in
uses
use
take place in
Thylakoid
membranes
Stroma
NADPH
ATP
Energy from
sunlight
to produce of
to produce
ATP
NADPH O2
Chloroplasts
High-energy
sugars
Go to Section:

30. Calvin Cycle = Light Independent Reactions or Dark Reactions
ATP & NADPH are not stable
Energy needs to be changed into a stable form for storage

32. Figure 8-11 Calvin Cycle PGA RuBP PGAL Section 8-3
CO2 Enters the Cycle
PGA
Energy Input
RuBP
ChloropIast
5-Carbon
Molecules
Regenerated
PGAL
6-Carbon Sugar
Produced
Sugars and other compounds
Go to Section:

33. Calvin Cycle Summary
6 carbon dioxide molecules bond to six 5-carbon molecules to produce twelve 3-carbon molecules
ATP & NADPH (from light dependent reactions) are used to convert twelve 3-carbon molecules into higher energy forms
Two 3-carbon molecules are removed from the cycle and used by the plant to form compounds
The remaining ten 3-carbon molecules are converted into six 5-carbon moecules which are used in the next cycle

37. Photosynthesis Summary

38. Photosynthesis Summary