1. The sun allows life on earth to exist

2. Photosynthesis –Is the process that uses solar energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into chemical energy (Carbohydrates –sugars and starches) Figure 10.1

5. -Because they have the ability to make their own food. 2 Types of producers or autotrophs 1.Photosynthesis 2.Chemosynthesis- bacteria Plants are autotrophs Or producers

6. Photosynthesis Occurs in 1.Plants 2. Algae – Phytoplankton 3. Protist- Single cell organisms living in pond water 4. Prokaryotes - Bacteria

9. Heterotrophs –Obtain their energy from other organisms by eating them –Are the consumers of the biosphere

10. Three things are need by plants for photosynthesis 1.Water 2.Carbon dioxide 3.Sunlight

11. Chloroplasts: Are the Sites of Photosynthesis in Plants Vein Leaf cross section Mesophyl l CO 2 O2O2 Stomata

12. Chloroplast Mesophyll 5 µm Outer membrane Intermembrane space Inner membrane Thylakoid space Thylakoid Granum Stroma 1 µm

13. Structure of the chloroplasts Thylakoids- disk shaped structure - Chlorophyll is found here Chlorophyll- this absorbs the light - acts like a solar panel - two types a and b

14. Photosynthesis Equation

16. 6 CO 2 12 H 2 O Reactants: Products: C 6 H 12 O 6 6 H 2 O6 O 2 Figure 10.4

17. The energy comes from the sun –light energy is used to power chemical reactions that combine water with the air's carbon dioxide to form starchy carbohydrate (written on board)

18. LIGHT –Is a form of electromagnetic energy, which travels in waves

19. Wavelength Is the distance between the crests of waves

21. Wavelength is important Because it determines the type of electromagnetic energy

22. The electromagnetic spectrum Gamma rays X-raysUVInfrared Micro- waves Radio waves 10 –5 nm 10 –3 nm 1 nm 10 3 nm 10 6 nm 1 m 10 6 nm 10 3 m 380450500550600650700750 nm Visible light Shorter wavelength Higher energy Longer wavelength Lower energy Figure 10.6

23. The visible light spectrum -Includes the colors of light we can see

24. ROY G BIV –Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet

25. Pigments ● Are substances that absorb visible light Chlorophyll is the main pigment that absorbs certain wavelengths of light

26. Light Absorption by Chlorophyll a and b

27. Light Reflected Light Chloroplast Absorbed light Granum Transmitted light Figure 10.7

28. What does that graph tell you? Chlorophyll a and b absorbs 1. Blue 2. Violet 3. Red

29. WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ? 1. ACTIVE TRANSPORT 2. Endocytosis 3. Exocytosis Animation from:

30. 4. Synthesis of biomolecules

31. 5. Reproduction 6. Movement

32. CELLS USE ATP TO STORE and RELEASE ENERGY Adenosine triphosphate

33. ATP = __________________________ Adenosine triphosphate ____ PHOSPHATE GROUPS 3

34. ATP can change into ADP ADP = __________________________ Adenosine diphosphate ____ PHOSPHATE GROUPS 2

35. ATP → ____ + ____ + http://www.cat.cc.md.us/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/adpan.html ATP releases energy stored in a high energy chemical bond by removing the phosphate and becoming ADP ADP

36. ADP + ___ + ________ → ___ The energy to do this comes from ____________ like _____________ Cells ________ energy by adding the phosphate back on to ADP to make ATP. ATP It’s like recharging the battery ! STORE FOODSGLUCOSE