1. The Impact of Educational Qualifications on Trends in Leisure Activities Shu-Li Cheng Postdoctoral fellow ESRC Centre for Research on Innovation and Competition (CRIC), University of Manchester Presentation to UPTAP conference, Leeds, March 2006

2. Background Time use

3. Research questions How do educational qualifications relate to time spent on leisure activities? How do educational qualifications relate to perceptions of the importance of leisure time in life? How do educational qualifications relate to participation in leisure in addition to perceptions? How are the results for the UK different from other European countries?

4. Objectives To examine the relationship between educational qualifications and leisure participation by means of analysing time use and people’s perceptions To compare the results of the UK with other European countries

5. Methodologies Univariate data analysis Plot, mean Bivariate data analysis Association, correlation E.g. whether or not participating in leisure activities by levels of educational qualifications Multivariate data analysis Logistic regression, OLS regression E.g. Y = b 0 + b 1 X 1 + b 2 X 2 + b 3 X 3 + … Y : whether participating in leisure activities X 1 : educational qualifications X 2 : employment status X 3 : sex

6. Data sources (1) Time Use Survey Main aim of the survey To measure the amount of time spent by the population Multinational Time Use Study (MTUS), Essex Wide range of countries involved Data availability – 1960s to 1990s/2000 Surveys have been standardised to a common format Harmonised time-use variables Harmonised demographic and socio-economic variables

7. Data sources (2) European Social Survey (ESS) Main aim of the survey To chart and explain the interaction between Europe's changing institutions and the attitudes, beliefs and behaviour patterns of its diverse populations Description of the survey Biennial multi-country survey, starting from 2002 Covering over 20 countries Wide range of topics included E.g. media and social trust, politics, subjective well- being, demographic information, etc. Accessed via the Norwegian Social Science Data Service

8. Response variables Time use survey Outdoor leisure e.g. excursions, active and passive sport, walks Out-of-home leisure e.g. cinema, theatre, dances, restaurant Passive leisure e.g. listening to radio/tapes, TV Other home leisure e.g. reading books/magazines, entertaining friends European social survey How important leisure time is in life (0: extremely unimportant – 10: extremely important)

9. Time use graph (1)

10. Time use graph (2)