1. LECTURE 4.1

2. LECTURE OUTLINE Weekly deadlines Weekly deadlines The Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages The Chalcolithic and Bronze Ages

3. WEEKLY DEADLINES

4. OUTLINE Natural Resources of Egypt Natural Resources of Egypt The Melting of Gold The Melting of Gold The Smelting of Copper The Smelting of Copper The Casting of a Bronze Door The Casting of a Bronze Door The Production of “Egyptian” Faience The Production of “Egyptian” Faience

5. NATURAL RESOURCES AVAILABLE TO EGYPT

6. TOMB OF REKHMIRE

7. MELTING GOLD IN THE OLD KINGDOM. I

8. MELTING GOLD IN THE OLD KINGDOM. II

9. A GOLDSMITH’S SHOP IN THE NEW KINGDOM. I

10. A GOLDSMITH’S SHOP IN THE NEW KINGDOM. II

11. THE DIFFUSION OF COPPER METALLURGY THROUGHOUT EUROPE AND THE MIDDLE EAST

13. NATIVE COPPER FROM MICHIGAN’S UPPER PENNINSULA

14. MALACHITE, A GREEN COPPER CARBONATE

15. COPPER SMELTING AT TIMNA IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM BC. I

16. SMELTING REACTIONS; COPPER Cu 2 (CO 3 )(OH) 2  2CuO + CO 2  + H 2 O  Cu 3 (CO 3 ) 2 (OH) 2  3CuO + 2CO 2  + H 2 O  CuO + CO  Cu + CO 2  2Fe 2 O 3 + 2SiO 2  2Fe 2 SiO 4 + O 2 

17. SMELTING REACTIONS; IRON AND TIN Fe 2 O 3 + 3CO  2Fe + 3CO 2  SnO 2 + 2CO  Sn + 2CO 2 

18. COPPER SMELTING AT TIMNA IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM BC. II

19. THE PROCESSING OF BRONZE AND THE CASTING OF A BRONZE DOOR: I

20. THE PROCESSING OF BRONZE AND THE CASTING OF A BRONZE DOOR: II

21. THE PROCESSING OF BRONZE AND THE CASTING OF A BRONZE DOOR: III

22. THE PROCESSING OF BRONZE AND THE CASTING OF A BRONZE DOOR: IV

23. THE EFFECT OF ADDING TIN TO COPPER

24. THE HARDNESSES OF TIN AND ARSENICAL BRONZES I

25. THE HARDNESSES OF TIN AND ARSENICAL BRONZES II

26. PROCESSING OF “EGYPTIAN FAIENCE” I

28. “EGYPTIAN FAIENCE”