1. Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. Russia Today

3. Former Soviet Region Compared in Latitude & Area with the United States

4. Russias Time Zones

5. Topography of Russia

6. Rich Soil of the Steppes Chernozen Soil

7. Siberia Permafrost Average temperatures of January vary from 0 to -50°C, and in July from 1 to 25°C 150,000,000 population. 150,000,000 population. A former gulag Soviet prison camp. A former gulag Soviet prison camp.

8. Themes in Russian History Expansion by conquest. Expansion by conquest. Need for warm-water ports. Need for warm-water ports. The necessity of a strong, central government. The necessity of a strong, central government.

9. Early Russia

10. Early Byzantine Influences: Orthodox Christianity

12. Early Byzantine Influences: Cyrillic Alphabet

13. Novgorod

14. Russian Boyars

15. Russian Expansion

16. Alexander Nevsky: 1220-1263 Battle on the Ice (Neva River) Against the Swedes Teutonic Knight

17. The Mongols Invade Russia

18. Ivan the Great (r. 1462-1505) Ivan III Tearing the Great Khans Letter Requesting More Tribute in 1480.

19. Russia in the Late 1500s

20. Michael Romanov (r. 1613-1645)

21. Romanov Dynasty (1613-1917) Romanov Family Crest

22. The Pendulum of Russian History Pro-West For Progress & Change Encourage New Ideas, Technologies, etc. Anti-West Isolationist Xenophobic Ultra-Conservative Most Tsars Most Tsars Russian Orthodox Church Russian Orthodox Church Military Military Boyars Boyars peasants peasants A few Tsars A few Tsars Intellectual elites Intellectual elites Merchants/businessmen Merchants/businessmen Young members of the middle class. Young members of the middle class. REFORM-MINDED LEADER DEMAGOGUE

23. Peter the Great (r. 1682-1725)

24. Russia & Sweden After the Great Northern War