2. Statehood for Texas

3. LEGISLATURE  A government body that has the power to make or pass laws.

4. Executive branch  The part of the government that carries out the laws

5. Legislative Branch  The part of the government that makes the laws.

6. Judicial Branch  The part of the government that interprets the laws and applies these laws in the court system.

7. Governor  The highest ranking officer in the state government.

8. Lieutenant governor  The second highest ranking officer in the state govt.

9. Cession  The transfer of land from one country to another.

10. Abolitionist  A person who wants to end slavery.

11.  Sam Houston was elected as the 1 st president of Texas in 1836. Texans also showed they wanted to be annexed to the U.S.

12. From Republic to a State  The Republic of Texas began in 1836 and for another 10 years, TX tries to become part of the U.S. The resolution to annex Texas to the U.S. was signed on March 1, 1845. On March 1, 1845, Texas becomes the 28 th state of the United States.  The resolution stated that Texas could be divided into 5 states.

13. United States At this point, a new constitution was needed for Texas. The state constitution would closely followed that of the United States. Delegates met on July 4, 1845 in Austin. Jose Navarro was the only Texas born delegate among them.

14. Jose Antonio Navarro  Was a member of the Coahuila y Tejas state legislature and to the federal congess at Mexico City.  Elected to the Texas Congress  Helped write the Texas state constitution.  Served two years in Texas Senate

15. Texas State Constitution of 1845 modeled the US Constitution.  The statehood constitution that outlines the three branches of govt., creates the executive, the legislative, and the judicial offices.

16. Provisions of the Const. of 1845:  Protected homesteads from being taken to pay debts  Did not allow ministers or priest to serve in the legislature  Allowed settlers to continue bringing slaves into the state.

17.  Protected women’s right to own land.  Outlined the 3 branches of the state government.  Created the offices of governor and lieutenant governor.  Created the legislature, which included the House of Representatives and the Senate.  Set up court system.

18. Branches of Government and Officials  James P. Henderson----Executive  Albert C. Horton---------Executive  Thomas J. Rusk----------Legislative  Sam Houston------------Legislative  David Kaufman----------Legislative  Timothy Pillsbury--------Legislative  John Hemphill------------Judicial

19. James P. Henderson  The first governor of TX – 1845  Established the first govt. of TX  Governed during war with Mexico Allen Horton was elected lieutenant governor.

20. 12.2 Mexican and U.S. Policy on Texas The admission of Texas to the U.S. had created hard feelings between Mexico and the U.S. Even though Santa Anna had signed the Treaties of Velasco, the Mexican govern- ment refused to recognize Texas independence.

21. Mexico claimed that Santa Anna signed the treaties only because his life was in danger. Therefore, Mexico did not rec- ognize Texas independence even though Texas was a Republic. Leaders in Mex- ico thought that the Texas Revolution had been planned by the U.S. Mexico warned if the U.S. admitted Texas into the Union, it would mean war.

22. Tensions between Mexico and the U.S. The U.S. believed Texas border was at the Rio Grande. Mexico said the border was the Nueces River, since they didn’t recognize the Treaties of Velasco. The dispute was also about the U.S. wanted to gain control of California and all the land between Texas and the Pacific ocean.

23. Claimed by Mexico & Texas

24. Many U.S. citizens believed that ex- pansion of the U.S. to the Pacific Ocean was certain to happen. This idea was known as MANIFEST DESTINY.

25. When Texas was annexed, President Polk sent John Slidell to Mexico to try to ease tensions between the U.S. and Mexico.

26. Zachary Taylor  When tensions increased with Mexico, he was sent to place troops along the Nueces River line.  Known as “Old rough & ready”  Many victories in War w/Mexico led to his election as U.S. President 1848

27. Winfiled Scott  Commander took over Taylor’s troops.  Sailed to Vera Cruz with his troops.

28. Mariano Arista  Mexican general led troops South of Rio Grande during the US-Mexico war.  Becomes Pres. of Mexico after the war.

29. War with Mexico 1846 - 1848  U.S. declared war May 13,1846  Texans view war as chance to “remember the Alamo” & the Mier Expedition.

30. Cause of War:  Mexico claimed the Nueces River as its border, and the United States/Texas claimed the Rio Grande.  The war began at Brownsville when a small battle breaks out, and American blood is shed.

31. Texas Rangers  Created by SFA to protect settlers from Native American raids  Fought & served as scouts in US-Mex war.  Called “los diablos Tejanos” by Mexicans due to their fighting ability (they adopted fighting style of Comanches)

32. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo  Helped U.S. achieve Manifest Destiny because Mexico agreed to:  Recognize TX as part of the US  Surrender all land between TX & Pacific Ocean

33. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo:  Ended the Mexican War.  Mexican Cession: the Southwest is claimed by the United States.  Mexico accepts Texas as part of the United States, and the United States paid $15 million to Mexico.  The Rio Grande River is the border of Texas.

34. 12.3 The TEXAS—New Mexico Border The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo est- ablished Texas’ southern border at the Rio Grande. However, the dispute con- tinued because Texans claimed that their border continued northward through central New Mexico into Colorado.

35. Disagreements over Slavery and Territories In 1848, the U.S. had several problems. One, the dispute over Texas’s western boundary and territorial disputes. Zachary Taylor became president of the U.S. in 1848.

36. Disagreements Over Slavery and Territories Slaveholders:  Didn’t want California to join the Union.  Favored large western boundary for TX  Wanted federal help for finding run-away slaves

37. Abolitionists  Wanted California to join  Wanted to limit TX borders  Wanted to outlaw slavery in Washing D.C.

38. 12. 3 Henry Clay  Writer of the Compromise of 1850  Proposed main ideas of Compromise

39. Compromise of 1850  California became a state  New Mexico & Utah become territories  TX gets $10million in exchange for disputed land north and west (along Rio Grande) (this would help in paying off Texas’ debt)  Fugitive Slave Law passed  Slave trade ended in Washington, D.C.