1. Hazardous Materials Training
January 2011

2. Part One Overview of hazardous materials regulations (HMR) training requirements

3. Regulatory bodies that govern the transportation of hazardous materials
OSHA-concerned with protecting the employee
DOT-concerned with the safe transport of hazardous materials (via air, rail, roadway)
EPA (DEP)-concerned with protecting the environment
NFPA 58 concerned with bulk storage of Propane
All require written plans, formal training, emergency response procedures

4. OSHA or DOT Jurisdiction
OSH Act
Section 4(b)(1) of the OSH Act states that OSHA does not have jurisdiction over health and safety if another Federal agency exercises its statutory authority in this area.
U.S. courts interpret the OSH Act using the “gap theory” or “hazard-by-hazard” approach:
If DOT has a regulation that would reduce or eliminate the workplace hazard, DOT regulations apply.
If DOT does not have a regulation to address the hazard, OSHA regulations apply.
Reference Information
The following letters of interpretation provide information regarding safety and health jurisdiction for OSHA and DOT :
July 10, Review of Policy on Section 4(b)(1) of the Act: Pertains to the DOT’s Motor Carrier Safety Act and related statutes, a review of OSHA case law relating to truck drivers, and a summary of applicable 4(b)(1) case law including those upholding the “gap theory” and “hazard-by-hazard” approach.
November 9, Jurisdiction issues involving the Southwest Transportation Company, Inc.
April 1, Jurisdictional Issue - Southwest Transportation
August 2, The working environment of railroad train environment

6. Overall objectives of today’s training presentation
Will focus primarily on DOT training but will also encompass the main requirements of OSHA & EPA training requirements regarding the handling and transporting of hazardous materials
Help to prevent unplanned releases and accidents involving the hazardous materials transported by this operation
Provide information regarding the hazards of the chemicals/hazardous materials that you may be exposed in your workplace.
This first section is an overview of the material that will be presented. It reviews the requirements of the standard.

7. Scope of training You should:
Be familiar with the general provisions of the Hazardous materials regulations (HMR) part 172, subpart H (formerly HM126F)
Be able to recognize and identify the hazardous materials as they apply to your job function
Have knowledge of emergency response information, self protection measures, and accident prevention methods and procedures

8. DOT required Haz Mat employee training shall include
General awareness/familiarization training
Function-specific training
Safety training
Driver training
Specific cargo tank training
Security awareness

9. Hazardous materials covered in this presentation
Propane
Diesel
Gasoline
Fuel oil ( #2, #6)
Kerosene

10. AREAS THAT WE WILL COVER RELEVANT TO THESE PRODUCTS ARE:
Hazardous materials table
North American Emergency guide book (guide sheet 128)
Shipping papers
Placarding
Highway carrier requirements
Emergency response procedures

11. Areas we will not cover today
Packaging
Labeling
Transport by Air
Transport by Rail
Hazardous materials other than propane,oil, diesel, kerosene
*These are topics that are included in the requirements but do not apply to your operation

12. HAZMAT EMPLOYEE (49 CFR 171.8)
A HAZMAT employee is a person employed by a HAZMAT employer and who, in the course of employment, directly affects hazardous materials transportation safety. This term includes owner-operators of a motor vehicle that transports hazardous materials in commerce.

13. Hazmat Employee (includes owners)
Loads, unloads, or handles hazardous materials
Manufactures, tests, reconditions, repairs, modifies, marks, or otherwise represents containers, drums or packaging as qualified for use in the transportation of hazardous materials
Prepares hazardous materials for transportation
Is responsible for safety of transporting hazardous materials
Operates a vehicle used to transport hazardous materials

14. HMR divides responsibility in three categories
The shipper
The carrier
The driver

15. The shipper (owner, driver, dispatcher, fleet manager, office)
Person or company sending the hazmat from one place to another:
Must assign proper shipping name, hazard class, identification numbers, correct type of packaging, correct label and marking on placards, correct placards
Properly packages the hazmat
Prepares shipping papers
Certifies on the shipping papers that they have prepared shipment properly

16. The carrier (driver, fleet manager, company owner)
Transports shipment to destination
Ensures that product has been correctly named, labeled and marked for shipment
Reports any accidents or incidents to the proper government agency

17. The driver
Ensures that shipper has properly identified, marked and labeled product
Must refuse leaking shipments
Attaches appropriate placards
Delivers products safely & obeys all rules and requirements
Keeps shipping papers in proper place

18. General Awareness
Must be familiar with the requirements of HM training requirements
Hazard communication training
Must be able to recognize HM
Must know hazards of chemical to which you may be exposed (hazard classes)
Must know what to do in the event of an emergency or unplanned release
The regulation states that each hazmat employee must be provided general awareness/familiarization training designed to provide familiarity with the requirements of this subchapter, and to enable the employee to recognize and identify hazardous materials consistent with the hazard communication standards of this subchapter. In other words, first you have to relate what the standard says and then you must train the driver/employee in the hazards of the chemicals that they may be exposed to in the course of conducting their job duties.

19. Function-specific training
Must be familiar with the standards as they apply to your specific job
These will vary depending on the individual’s specific job function

20. Safety training Must include:
Emergency response information required by subpart G of part 172
Measures to protect the employee from the hazards associated with the HazMat to which they may be exposed in the work place, including specific measures the hazmat employer has implemented to protect employees from exposure
Methods & procedures for avoiding accidents involving hazardous materials

21. Driver training Training must include the following subjects:
Pre-trip inspection
Use of vehicle controls and equipment, including operation of emergency equipment
Operation of vehicle
Turning, backing,braking, parking,handling, effects of braking, dangers of maneuvering through curves, effects of speed, dangers of weather & road conditions, and high center of gravity
Procedures for maneuvering tunnels, bridges and railroad crossings
Requirements pertaining to attendance of vehicles, parking, smoking routing and incident reporting
Loading and unloading procedures
Packaging and securing load

22. Operators of Cargo Tanks
Training for cargo tank drivers must include:
Operation of emergency control features of the cargo tank
Special handling characteristics
High center of gravity, fluid-load subject to surge, effects of fluid-load surge on braking, characteristic differences in stability among baffled, un-baffled and multi-compartmented tanks, effects of partial loads on vehicle stability
Loading & unloading procedures
Properties and hazards of the materials transported
Retest and inspection requirements for cargo tanks.

23. QUESTIONS

24. END PART ONE 5 MINUTE BREAK

25. Part Two General Familiarization

26. Hazardous Materials
“Materials that are capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, & property when transported in commerce.”
A material is considered to hazardous if it:
Meets one or more hazard class definitions
Is a hazardous substance, hazardous waste, marine pollutant, or elevated-temperature material.

27. Hazardous Materials Table
Lists and classifies those materials which the DOT has designated as hazardous materials for purposes of transportation and prescribes the requirements for shipping papers, package marking, labeling, and transport vehicle placarding applicable to the shipment and transportation of those hazardous materials.

28. The Hazardous Materials Table

29. The Hazardous Materials Table
Lists materials alphabetically by proper shipping name
Consists of 10 major headings:
Symbols
HM descriptions & proper shipping names
Hazard class or division
Identification numbers
Packaging group assigned to the material
Label codes
Special provisions
Packaging
Quantity limitations
Vessel Stowage

30. Symbols
+ - “Fixes”(means you can’t change it) the proper shipping name, hazard class or division and packing group in columns 2, 3 &5
A – means that the material is only regulated if offered for and/or transported by air, unless the material is a hazardous substance or hazardous waste. In that case, it’s regulated in all modes of transportation * see definitions
D- Identifies proper shipping names describing materials for domestic transportation.
G-identifies n.o.s. and generic proper shipping names that require the addition of one or more technical names
I-identifies proper shipping names describing materials for international transportation
W-means material is regulated only if transported by water unless the material is a hazardous substance or hazardous waste
HM definitions:
Hazardous material means a substance or material, which has been determined by the Secretary of Transportation to be capable of posing an unreasonable risk to health, safety, and property when transported in commerce, and which has been so designated. The term includes hazardous substances, hazardous wastes, marine pollutants, and elevated temperature materials
Hazardous substance –complicated listing but specifically says that it does not include crude oil or any fraction thereof, natural gas, Liquefied natural gas or synthetic gas usable for fuel.

31. Nine hazard classes Class 1 - Explosives Class 2 - Gases
Class 3 - Flammable liquids
Class 4 - Flammable solids
Class 5 - Oxidizing substances and Organic Peroxides
Class 6 - Poisons/Toxic Materials
Class 7 - Radioactive materials
Class 8 - Corrosive materials
Class 9 - Miscellaneous hazardous materials

32. Definitions of Hazard classes
Review handout #1

33. Products that may be carried by your company
Propane
Class 2
#2 Fuel, diesel, kerosene, gasoline
Class 3

34. Activity
Look up propane or fuel oil in the table

35. Packing groups PG I - great danger PG II - medium danger
PG III - minor

38. Shipping papers Must include: Proper shipping name Hazard class
Identification number
Total quantity of materials being shipped

39. When transporting Empty Cargo Tanks
Shipping papers are still required if a cargo tank has been emptied, but not cleaned of the hazardous residue.
(For Propane dealers) When transporting ASME tanks with a capacity of 125 gallons or greater to or from a customer’s location, they must not contain more than 5% propane during transport.

40. Shipping papers
May be in any form or format as long as it contains the information required by the HMR in the correct sequence
Must contain basic description & any additional descriptions or entries
Must be legible & printed in English
Must accurately communicate the hazards of the materials being transported
Most must be certified but certification is not required for materials transported by cargo tank

41. Shipping papers
Must be readily available & visible to a person entering the driver’s compartment
Must be clearly distinguishable
Must be within immediate reach of the driver while restrained by lap belt
When the driver is not in vehicle must be in holder on inside of door or on driver’s seat

42. 24-hour Emergency Response number
Required on all shipping papers
Must be monitored at all times while the material is in transportation, including storage incidental to transportation
Contact person must be capable of providing emergency response & incident mitigation information immediately, upon request

43. Emergency Response Information
The shipper must also provide emergency response information for each hazardous material listed on the shipping paper

44. Emergency Response Information
Information about hazardous materials & the necessary immediate precautions & actions to take in the event of a spill or leak are required
Must carry in the same manner as the shipping papers

47. North American Emergency Guidebook-Guide Sheet 128

50. Placards There are two placarding tables:
When determining which placards must be used and what options are available, both placarding tables must be considered

51. Placards
Must clearly communicate the hazard of the material being transported
Must have no visual competition
Must be readily visible from the direction it faces
Be on all four sides of vehicle (each side and each end)
placed so words are level and read from left to right
Must be located clear of appurtenances and devices, away from dirt and water & at least three inches away from any other markings
Words and/or numbers must be displayed horizontally

52. Placard modifications
The word “gasoline” may be used in place of the word “flammable” on cargo tank transporting gasoline
Fuel oil (in cargo tank) may be used in place of word “combustible”

53. Placard Placarding is responsibility of shipper and carrier
(that includes driver).
If the required placard is missing, or damaged, no matter what the reason, the shipment must not be transported.

55. End Part Two 10 Minute Break

56. Part Three
Carriage by Highway

57. HMR, part 177 “Carriage by Public Highway”
Requires motor carriers to train employees in the prescribed regulations
Additional specific training is required for operators of cargo tanks or vehicles with a portable tank with capacity of 1,000 gallons or more 57

58. Motor Carriers
Must also comply with the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations (FMCSR) & refer to driver qualifications, hours of service, equipment standards and operational requirements.
US DOT reps may inspect all motor carrier records, equipment, packaging & containers -- that may affect the safe transportation of hazardous materials 58

59. Loading and unloading (HMR 177.834)
Attendance requirements
A cargo tank must be attended by a qualified person at all times when it is being loaded
The person who is responsible for loading the cargo tank is also responsible for ensuring that is so attended 59

60. Loading & Unloading
A person “ attends” the loading or unloading of a cargo tank if, throughout the process:
He/she is awake/alert
Has unobstructed view of the cargo tank
Is within 25 feet of the cargo tank
Knows the hazards of the material 60

61. 61

62. 62

63. 63

64. 64

65. Safety Measures No smoking on or near vehicle No spark producing tools
Use caution with tools so as not to damage packages, containers, or their closures
Do not load flammable materials in a cargo space that has a heater unit 65

66. Driver Training/Cargo Tank Trucks66

67. Pre-Trip Inspection
“No motor vehicle shall be driven unless the driver thereof shall have satisfied himself that the following parts & accessories are in good working order, nor shall any driver fail to use or make use of such parts and accessories.” (FMCSR part 392.7) 67

68. Pre-Trip Inspection Critical inspection items include: Parking brake
Service brakes
Parking brake
Steering mechanism
Lighting devices & reflectors
Tires
Horn
Windshield
Rear-vision mirror or mirrors
Coupling devices 68

69. 7- Step Pre-Trip Inspection procedure
Vehicle overview
Check engine compartment
Start engine & inspect inside the cab
Turn off engine & check lights
Do walk around inspection
Check signal lights
Start engine & check brake system 69

70. Product weight Prior to loading vehicle, you must know:
Amount the liquid will expand
Weight of liquid per gallon
Legal weight limits 70

71. Outage The space you leave for expansion is called Outage
You must know the outage requirements of each product you haul 71

72. Cargo tanks High center of gravity subject to “surge”
Prone to roll over on curves, ramps and during evasive movements 72

73. Un-baffled or “smooth bore”
3 Types of tanks
Bulkhead
Baffled
Un-baffled or “smooth bore” 73

74. Bulkheads:
Solid steel divider within the tank which creates separate compartments 74

75. Baffles
Dividers with holes in them, designed to slow down the front-to-back surge. They do not have much effect on side-to-side surge 75

76. SURGE: The movement of the liquid from the front to the back, and from side to side.
Determined by two major factors:
Amount of liquid in the tank
Design of the tank 76

77. Countermeasures for dealing with Surge
Maintain 12 to 15 second eye lead time Always slow down before entering curves - posted limit is for cars not tankers
Accelerate gently through the curve
Avoid sudden stops whenever possible by maintaining a good cushion of safety around the vehicle. 77

78. Three factors that can cause a skid
Oversteering
Overbraking
Overacceleration 78

79. Emergency maneuvers
It is almost always better to steer to avoid an emergency than to brake to avoid one
Don’t brake while making an emergency turning maneuver.
If you must brake, use stab or controlled braking
When using stab braking, release the brakes as soon as the wheels lock up, and then apply the brakes hard again
If the steering tires lock up, you will continue straight regardless of how you turn the wheel
If you must leave the roadway, slow to 20 mph, if possible, before applying brakes 79

80. 80

81. Part Four
Spill prevention and emergency response procedures & action plans

82. Objectives for this section
Review OSHA HAZWOPPER requirements
Review the emergency operating procedure requirements
Review some emergency operating procedures
Review spill prevention measures

83. OSHA first responder awareness level
First responders are individuals who are likely to witness or discover a hazardous material release & have:
an understanding or what hazardous chemicals are & risk associated
with them;
an understanding of potential outcomes of HM emergency
the ability to identify the hazardous materials
understanding the role of first responder in the emergency response
plan, including site security & control
ability to realize need for additional resources & make appropriate
notification to communication center

84. First Responders Operations level
Knowledge of basic hazard & risk assessment techniques
Know how to select & use proper personal protective equipment provided
Has understanding of basic hazardous materials terms
Knows how to perform basic control, containment and/or confinement (dam, dike, divert)
Knows basic decontamination procedures
Understands relevant SOP & termination procedures

85. Basic terms
Flammable liquid-any liquid that has a flash point 140F or less
Flash point-temperature where the liquid will ignite, detonate, explode

86. North American Emergency guidebook
Contains information on hazardous materials
Accepted by emergency response information
Driver should have individual guide sheets or should know which guide sheets apply to the product being carried
In the event of accident, if possible take guide sheet & shipping papers and get away from vehicle
Provide ER info to first responders

87. North American emergency guide sheets provide info in the following areas:
Emergency response
Fire
Spill or leak
First aid
Potential hazards
Fire or explosion
Health
Public safety
Protective clothing
Evacuation
Fire

88. North American emergency guidebook-guide sheets 128 (Petroleum Oil) & 115 ( Propane)

89. Potential hazards of petroleum products Guide Sheet 128
<>FIRE OR EXPLOSION· HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air.· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks).
· Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
· Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire.
· Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Many liquids are lighter than water.
· Substance may be transported hot.

90. Potential hazards of Propane-Guide Sheet 115
<>FIRE OR EXPLOSION· EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE.
· Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames.
· Will form explosive mixtures with air.
· Vapors from liquefied gas are initially heavier than air and spread
along ground.
· Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back.
· Containers may explode when heated.
· Ruptured cylinders may rocket.

91. Health Hazards of petroleum products

92. Protective measures

93. Emergency Operating Procedure requirements
A comprehensive written emergency operating procedure must be developed for all transfer operations and hazmat employees who perform unloading functions must be trained in its provisions.
The emergency operating procedure must be prominently displayed in or on the cargo tank motor vehicle

94. Emergency responses for leaks during transit
If the problem is before the nozzle, then SHUT OFF THE NOZZLE.
If the problem is with the nozzle, then PUSH THE STOP BUTTON at the meter.
If the problem is with the tank, then USE CONTAINMENT MEASURES TO STOP OR SLOW THE LEAK, THEN CALL FOR HELP.
If the truck is on the roadway, try and pull OUT OF THE FLOW OF TRAFFIC but DO NOT drive beyond the nearest point at which safe removal of the fuel can be made.
Warn nearby person of fire hazard. Extinguish nearby open flames. DO NOT SMOKE!
Report the spill to your company emergency response coordinator

95. Emergency response procedures in transit
If possible:
Dam, Dike or Divert spilled product, keep it away from storm or sewer drains, catch basins and waterways.
Contain product using booms, pigs, absorbent pads or gravel/soil embankments.
Secure site until remediation and emergency response personnel arrive on the scene.
However, never take action unless you have been properly trained (awareness level and operators level) and directed by your employer to do so.

96. If a spill occurs during delivery or service call
Shut off the supply
Look around for sump pumps, drains or holes ,or cracks in floors and foundation-keep oil away from these areas
Contain spill by using oil pads, booms or speedy dry
Use plugs or patch on tanks if possible
Create a vacuum in tank by using a fill cap or plastic bag and placing over fill.
Say as little as possible to homeowners, never admit liability!

97. REPORT ALL SPILLS
If spill happens during normal business hours: report to office
If after hours, call SPLASH hotline direct

98. Be prepared to tell them
Extent of spill-quantity
Location of the spill
Address
Inside home, outside home, on the road
When it happened
If in the home, has the homeowner been notified
If on the road, have any emergency responders arrived on the scene
Is the product contained or not

99. Spill prevention while loading or unloading ( delivering product)

100. Most common spill claims
Tank over-pressurization
blocked or partially blocked vent
pumping too fast for vent pipe size
Misdelivery:
disconnected fill pipe
defective tank
wrong address
Leaking hoses

101. Recommended spill prevention measures
Always employ No Whistle-No fill policy
Double check address & location of fill
NEVER LEAVE THE FILL PIPE during delivery! Stay alert.
Pre-inspect new customers whenever possible
Use reasonable pumping rates-no greater than 70gpm
Check hoses for wear on regular basis
Pull hose from shoulder, never drag nozzle on ground
If you suspect anything is wrong. STOP the delivery and call dispatch

102. Safety really is No accident!
Famous last words:
“It’s just common sense”
“That could never happen to me”
“It’s not my fault…the other guy should have removed that disconnected fill”
“But I had the right of way”
“I’ve been doing it this way for years!”

103. Any final questions?

104. Thank you!