1. Elements ,compounds, and mixtures
Abdul Malik SR
SMPN 1 Lamongan

2. Basic Competency: To understand the element, compound and mixture
Basic Competency: To understand the element, compound and mixture. Standard Competency: Describes concept of element, compound and mixture
Objectives
1.To describe the characteristics of elements, compounds, and mixtures
2.To classify matters into elements ,compounds ,and mixture

3. Science words
Elements
Compounds
Mixtures
Homogenous
Heterogeneous

4. What is Matter…??? Matter = zat
Matter - anything that has mass and take any space
Matter = zat

5. Elements
Element is single matter that cannot be broken down into simpler matter by chemical methods.
There are 116 known elements. Of these 92 are found in the Earth (natural). The other 24 elements have been made by scientist in laboratories (manmade).
Examples of element:
silver
Fluorine
Gold
Aluminium
Mercury

6. The Symbol of element
Jons Jacob Berzelius proposed alphabets as the symbols of each element.
All of elements use symbol. These symbols were taken one or two letters from their old Latin or Greek name.
Example: Au is the Latin word of gold “Aurum”.
Rules of writing element symbols:
1. If an element is symbolized by one letter, it must be capital letter, for example oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), carbon (C).
2. If an element is symbolized by more than one letters, the first letter must be capital letter followed by small letter, for example zinc (Zn), gold (Au), copper (Cu).

7. Think Time What are the chemical symbols of the following elements?
Bromine
Silver
Uranium
Antimony
Tungsten
What are the names of the elements with the following chemical symbols? Si P Sn Pb Au

8. Classification of the Elements
Classification of elements by state
Elements can be classified by their physical state at room temperature
Solid (of the 92 natural element, 79 are solids)
Gas (of the 92 natural element, 11 are gases)
Liquid (of the 92 natural element, 2 are liquid)
Chlorine gaseous element
Silver solid element
Bromine liquid element

9. Classification of elements as metals and non-metals
Elements are classified as metals and non-metals, depending on how well they conduct electricity and heat.
Metals are good conductors and Non-metal very poor electrical conductors.
Some elements are classified as Metalloids (or semi-metals). Metalloids have properties between those of metals and non metals.
Metalloid
metal
Non - metal
lead
carbon
sulphur
boron
copper
mercury
Noble gases
silikon
chlorine
neon

10. Poor conductor (except carbon)
Properties
Metals
Non-metals
Ability to conduct heat and electricity
Good conductor
Poor conductor (except carbon)
Densities, melting and boiling point
Usually solids (except mercury), high densities, high melting points and boiling points
Usually liquid and gases with low densities, low melting points and boiling points
Appearance
Usually hard and shiny
Usually soft and dull
Are they malleable?
(mudah ditempa )
Yes No

11. Classification of elements as in the periodic table

12. What are element made of?
Atoms
An atom is the smallest unit of an element, having properties of that element.
The atoms of one element are different from the atoms of any other element.
For example, all hydrogen atoms are the same and are different from atoms of carbon or iron.
Molecules
Most gaseous elements form molecules comprising two atoms.
Example:
Oxygen (O2),
Hydrogen (H2),
Nitrogen (N2),
Chlorine (Cl2)
N2 Gases + N N N N

13. Post test Answer this question. Define an element.
State the names and symbols of some common elements.
Describe ways of classifying the elements.

14. You can visit this website

15. COMPOUND
Compound is a substance containing two or more elements chemically joined together.
If elements combine together, they will completely change.
For example:
Water (H2O) is a compound made up of Hydrogen and Oxygen.
Hydrogen and Oxygen are colourless gases, and the compound water is colourless liquid + O O H H H H

16. What are Compound made of?
Compound is a single matter that cannot be broken down by physical separation. The compound can only be broken down into its elements by a chemical reaction.
What are Compound made of?
Molecules is the smallest particle of a compound.
A compound contain only one kind of molecule.
Molecule is a group of two or more atoms chemically joined together.

17. Chemical formula of a molecule The chemical formula for water is
The chemical formula of a molecule shows the number and kinds of atoms contained in it.
The chemical formula for water is
This formula tells us that a water molecule contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom
Symbol of atom
H2O
The amount of atoms present in one molecule

18. Think Time
State the number of atoms and name the kinds of atoms shown by each formula
Alcohol, C2H5OH
Refined sugar, C12H22O11
Sulphuric acid, H2SO4
Sulphur dioxide, SO2
Glucose, C2H12O6
Urea, CO (NH2)2

19. Names of compound
Many compound contain a metal and a non-metal. The metal part usually comes first, followed by the non-metal part.
For example: NaCl (sodium chloride)
The names of many compounds with only two elements often end in –ide.
For example: MgO (magnesium oxide)
If the name of compound end in –ate, they contain oxygen.
For example: CaCO3 (Calcium Carbonate)
Acids are compounds. Their names usually end in – ic acid.
For example: HCl (Hidrochloric acid)

20. These are some of the chemical formula
Compound
Chemical Formula
Sodium Chloride
NaCl
Magnesium Oxide
MgO
Sodium hydroxide
NaOH
Calcium carbonate
CaCO3
Sulphuric acid
H2SO4
Water
H2O
Ammonia
NH3
Carbon dioxide
CO2
Sucrose (sugar)
C12H22O11

21. Chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen producing waterNo
BEFORE REACTION
AFTER REACTION
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Water produced
Excess 1
1 gram
8 gram
9 gram
None 2
2 gram
16 gram
18 gram 3
1 gram of hydrogen 4
17 gram
1 gram of oxygen 5
3 gram
30 gram
27 gram
6 gram of oxygen
Calculate the comparison between the mass of hydrogen and oxygen in water compound. What is the result?
What will happen if the mass of hydrogen and oxygen reacting does not follow the comparison?
What can you conclude about the comparison of elements in the compound?

22. Conclusion PROUST’s law
Water was compound by hydrogen and oxygen with ratio of 1:8 (1 for hydrogen and 8 for oxygen)
If the ratio of H:O was not equal to 1:8, there would be an excess element (sisa)
The mass of elements before and after a reaction was CONSTANT
PROUST’s law
“The mass ratio of elements of a compound component is constant”
(Perbandingan massa unsur-unsur penyusun senyawa adalah tetap)

23. Think Time
When 4 grams of hydrogen react with 16 grams of oxygen, how many grams of water are produced? If there is an excess, determine the element and it mass
Answer:
The comparison for the mass of hydrogen and oxygen is 1:8 No
Before reaction
After reaction
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Water produced
Excess 1
4 gram
16 gram
18 gram
(2 gram of hydrogen and 16 gram of oxygen)
2 gram of Hydrogen

24. Mixtures
In the world, there are many things that’s not pure substances.
Mixtures consist of two or more substances that are not chemically joined together.
Mixtures can consist of elements, compound or both. Also the substances in a mixtures may be solids, liquids or gases
Sea water is mixture of compounds including water and sodium chloride
Brass is a mixture of the elements copper and zinc

25. Classification of mixtures
The prefixes "homo"- indicate sameness
A homogeneous mixture has the same uniform appearance and composition throughout. Many homogeneous mixtures are commonly referred to as solutions.
The prefixes: "hetero"- indicate difference.
A heterogeneous mixture consists of visibly different substances or phases. The three phases or states of matter are gas, liquid, and solid.
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
In sugar solution, sugar is the solute and water is the solvent

26. Differences between compound and mixtures
Composition
Has a fixed composition by mass
Has a variable composition by mass
Melting and Boiling point
Has fixed melting and boiling points
Has variable melting and boiling points
Properties
Has it own properties which are different from its elements
Does not usually have its own properties; it has the same properties as its component
Separation
Cannot be separated by physical means.
Chemical reaction is needed to separate the elements
Can be easily separated into its components by physical means.

27. Can you Distinguish elements, compounds and mixtures?
What matter are beside? It’s elements… Why? N N N N N N N

28. Then, what matter are beside?Cn S s
Then, what matter are beside?
Its compound…
Why?

29. Next, what matter are beside? Its mixture… Why?Cn s