1. TEKS Review 7 th Grade

2. Photosynthesis Radiant energy from the sun is converted to chemical energy during the process of photosynthesis. T/F- Only plants perform photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is performed mainly in the leaves of plants. Chlorophyll (found in the chloroplasts) is green in color, and is where photosynthesis occurs. Sunlight + Carbon Dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen

3. Tropism Phototropism- response to light Geotropism- response to gravity Hydrotropism- response to water Thigmotropism- response to touch

4. Living vs. Non-Living Biotic- living, or once living Exs: Trees, birds, decomposing leaves, fungus, people Characteristics of Living Things: Have cells Have DNA Grow and develop Reproduce Require energy Sense and respond to stimuli Abiotic- non-living Exs: Sand, water, rocks, wind

5. Energy Transformation & Pyramid Producers- plants; organisms that make their own food (usually by photosynthesis) Consumers- an organism that eats producers or other organisms for energy Primary consumers: herbivores Secondary consumers: eat other consumers (& plants) Tertiary consumers: consumer at the top of the food pyramid

6. Energy Transformation & Pyramid Omnivore- consumer that eats plants & animals Herbivore- consumer that eats plants Carnivore- consumer that eats other animals Decomposer- organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes

7. Energy Pyramid Tertiary Consumer Secondary Consumer Primary Consumer Producers

8. Food Web

9. Food Chain

10. Ecosystems Community- all the populations in an ecosystem Species- all organisms of the same kind that adapted to a particular set of resources (called a niche) in the environment Ecosystem- smaller part of the biosphere consisting of the organisms & non-living features that interact in an area Population- made up of all the organisms in an ecosystem that belong to the same species

11. Biomes Biome- large geographic areas with similar climates and ecosystems (desert, tundra, etc.)

12. Adaptations Plants & animals adapt (change, adjust) to their environments in order to survive. Adaptation examples: Growing fur in cold environments Coloring to blend into environment Teeth designed for types of food (for tearing meat, grinding plants) Eyes located on top of or on the sides of the head

13. Ecological Succession Succession- the orderly changes an ecosystem goes through as it develops or regrows (happens over time) Primary Succession- begins in an area that has not been previously occupied by a community (exs-exposed rock); there is no soil Secondary Succession- begins on an area where a community has previously existed; is on soil Pioneer Species- first species to begin growing in an area (moss & lichen) Climax Community- the end of succession; it is in equilibrium with the environment

14. Homeostasis Homeostasis- maintaining a stable internal environment Our bodies respond to internal stimuli by vomiting and causing fever. This happens to maintain homeostasis. In order to cool the body, we sweat. In order to warm up, our body shivers.

15. Parts of a Flower

16. Asexual Reproduction Needs only 1 parent Genetic information isn’t mixed, so offspring are genetically identical to parents Problems will always be passed on b/c offspring are clones of the parents Examples: Cuttings Runners

17. Sexual Reproduction Requires two parents New individuals (offspring) are varied from parents b/c they are a mix of genetics from both parents More genetic variation Examples: Fruit Seeds

18. Genetics Dominant trait-trait that, when present, will appear (represented in genotypes by capital letters) Recessive trait- trait that does not appear when dominant traits are present (represented in genotypes by lower case letters) Genotype- (AA, Aa, aa) alleles of a gene Phenotype- (tall, short) an organism’s appearance