1. Protozoa - Part 1
Chapter 5

2. Learning Objectives
State the general characteristics of each class of Protozoa.
Define terminology specific for protozoa.
State the recommended methods of diagnosis of protozoal infections.
State any vector or intermediate host involved in the transmission of protozoal diseases.
Describe in graphic form the general life cycles for the protozoa in each class.

3. Learning Objectives
State the type of pathology caused by infection with protozoa.
State and correctly spell the scientific and common names of protozoa that parasitize humans.
Identify accidental protozoal infections of humans that are of medical importance.
Identify the type of specimen that would most likely contain the diagnostic stages of each pathogenic protozoon.

4. Learning Objectives
Discriminate between the cyst and trophozoite stages of protozoa on the basis of the morphologic criteria and the infectivity of various genera.
Discriminate between pathogenic and nonpathogenic amebae on the basis of morphologic criteria.
Differentiate species of Plasmodium and Trypanosoma by morphology, symptomatic criteria, or both.
Discuss the medical importance of accurate identification of protozoa in humans.

5. Learning Objectives Discuss the importance of protozoal zoonoses.
Discuss how the development of genetic resistance to chemicals affects protozoal diseases, such as malaria.
Given an illustration or photograph, identify diagnostic stages of protozoa.
Differentiate the diagnosis of protozoa and helminth infections.
Compare and contrast life cycles of protozoa and helminths.
Predict the effects of immunosuppression on patients harboring various protozoal or helminth parasites.

6. Introduction General characteristics Means of locomotion
Amoeba – pseudopods
Flagellates – flagella
Ciliates – cilia
Apicocomplexa – sporozoa – non-motile
Modes of transportation from host to host

7. Class Lobosea: Considered Organisms
Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba histolytica/dispar
Entamoeba hartmanni
Entamoeba gingivalis
Endolimax nana
Iodamoeba bütschlii
Blastocystis hominis
Naegleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba spp.
Balamuthia mandrillaris

8. Class Lobosea Amoebida General characteristics Diagnostic features
Pseudopods
Trophozoites
cyst
Diagnostic features
size
Nucleus
number
Karyosome
Chromatin
Chromatoid bars

9. Nagleria life cycle

10. Acanthamoeba life cycle

11. Entamoeba histolytica (ameba)
Method of diagnosis
Specimen requirements
Diagnostic stage
Disease names
Major pathology and symptoms
Treatment
Distribution

12. E. Histolytica Life Cycle

13. E. Histolytica

14. E.histolytica/dispar cyst
10-20 um
Nuclei
Cyst 1-4
Troph 1
Karyosome – small, central
Chromosome – fine even distribution
Chromatoid body – cigar shaped
Troph – ingested RBC
E. histolytica/dispar is non pathogenic. No ingested RBCs in troph

15. E.histolytica trophozoite

16. E.histolytica trophozoite

17. E.histolytica trophozoite

18. E.histolytica cysts
1-4 nuclei

19. E. hartmanni – troph & cyst non-pathogenic ; can only be distinguished from E.histolytica by its small size ( < 10 um)

20. Entameoba coli Size - >10 um Nuclei Karyosome – eccentric
Cyst 1-8
Troph 1
Karyosome – eccentric
Chromatin – dark, irregular
Chromatin body – rough; sharp pointed edges “splinters”
Troph – cytoplasm coarse; ingested bacteria

21. E. Coli cysts & trophs

22. Entamoeba coli trophs

23. E.coli cyst & troph

24. E.nana Size 6-12 Nuclei Karyosome – large & irregular ( clumpy)
Cyst 1-4
Troph 1
Karyosome – large & irregular ( clumpy)
No peripheral chromatin
Cyst has oval shape

25. Endolimax nana

26. E.nana

27. Iodamoeba butschlii Size 8-10 um Nuclei – cyst (1) ; troph (1)
Large irregular karyosome
No peripheral chromatin
Cyst – large glycogen vacuole; stains w/ iodine

28. Iodamoeba butschlii

29. Iodamoeba butschlii

30. Blastocystis hominis Cyst 6-40 Trophs – rare Large central vacuole
Nuclei in cytoplasm around vacuole