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Microbiology “scientific study of microorganisms and their effect on other living organisms”
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Naming Microorganisms staphyl = “clustered together” coccus = “shaped like a sphere or ball” aureus = “a golden-yellow color” Staphylococcus aureus
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Classification Kingdom Division or Phylum Class Order Family *Genus *Species
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Staphylococcus aureus genus = Staphylococcus species = aureus italics : not English genus: abbreviated e.g. S. aureus
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Categories of Cells Eukaryotic (“True Nucleus”) – nuclei and cytoskeleton – DNA within the nucleus Prokaryotic (“Before Nucleus”) – no nuclei and no cytoskeleton – DNA float “freely” – Bacteria and cyanobacteria
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Divisions Bacteriology Rickettsiology Virology Protozoology Mycology
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Bacteriology “science that studies bacteria”
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Bacteria “a prokaryotic one-celled microorganism of the Kingdom Monera, existing as free living organisms or as parasites, multiplying by binary fission and having a large range of biochemical properties” pathogenic
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Mycoplasmas “bacteria of the Mycoplasma genus that are found in humans and have no cell wall; the smallest free-living organisms presently known being intermediate in size between viruses and bacteria” double-stranded DNA
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Chlamydia “a large group of nonmotile, gram negative intracellular parasites” replicate in cytoplasm of host cells use host’s ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) for energy
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Rickettsiology “area of science that studies Rickettsia”
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Rickettsia “a genus of gram-negative, pathogenic, intracellular parasitic bacteria” rod-shaped, sphere-shaped, change shape reproduce within host cell “arthropod vectors” tetracycline sulfonamides encourage growth
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Virology “the study of viruses and viral diseases” Virus: “one of a group of minute infectious agents, with certain exceptions (e.g. pox viruses) not resolved in the light microscope, and characterized by a lack of independent metabolism and by the ability to replicate only within living host cells” rod-shaped, spherical, polyhedral, tad-pole
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Virion individual particle that consists of nucleic acid (the nucleoid), DNA or RNA (not both), and a protein shell (capsid) viruses do not have ATP
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Groups of Viruses bacterial, animal, and plant classified according to: – origin: reoviruses (respiratory and enteric) – mode of transmission: arboviruses – manifestations: polioviruses, poxviruses – geographic location: coxsackievirus
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Prion “small proteinaceous infectious agents (particles) which almost certainly do not have a nucleic acid genome and thereby resist inactivation by procedures that modify nucleic acids” do not contain DNA or RNA spongiform encephalopathies eg: scrapie, mad cow, Creutzfeldt-Jakob
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Protozoology “science that deals with the study of protozoa”
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Protozoa “one celled organisms of the Kingdom Protista- most are unicellular although some are colonists” “first animals” most abundant “normal flora” Classified: shape and method of motility
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Flagellates smallest
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Amoebae “ooze about”
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Sporozoans no locomotory extensions bending, creeping, and gliding parasitic “apical complex”: penetration
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Ciliates largest protozoa “hair-like” projections eat other protozoa and bacteria
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Mycology “the branch of science concerned with the study of fungi”
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Fungus (Funig) “a group of diverse and widespread unicellular and multicellular organisms, lacking chlorophyll, usually bearing spores and often filamentous” categories: yeasts, molds, dimorphic saprophytes
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Human Fungal Diseases categorized by the level of tissue penetration 1) superficial mycoses 2) cutaneous mycoses 3) subcutaneous mycoses 4) systemic mycoses
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Opportunistic Fungal Diseases suppressed immune systems secondary infection due to treatment for original disorder can be fatal and difficult to manage
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