1. Chapter 20 - Protists

2. Characteristics: Eukaryotic
Unicellular - may be colonial or filamentous (Spirogyra and Volvox)
Animal-like, Plant-like, or Fungus-like characteristics

3. ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY

4. Animal-like Protists “First animals”
Classification is based on method of mobility
Four Phyla:
*** Protozoa
*** Ciliophora
*** Sarcomastigophora
*** Apicomplexa

5. Phylum Protozoa Amoeba, Radiolarians and Formanifera
Move using pseudopods or false feet Pseudopods are used for movement and phagocytosis of food
Entamoeba histolytica – Amoebic dysentery

6. Amoeba Amoeba Feeding

7. Feeding

8. Actinosphaerium close up of axial rods Amoeba proteus
                         Chaos-chaos shown with Paramecium
                  Arcella
                                
                  Difflugia
                     Entamoeba
               Entamoeba-cyst
                                      Paramoeba

9. Phylum Ciliophora Have cilia for mobility
Paramecium, Stentor, Didinium, Vorticella
Have cilia for mobility

10. Structures Contractile vacuole – Regulates water pressure
Trichocysts – defense mechanisms
Macronucleus – binary fission
Micronucleus – conjugation
Gullet – food is packaged into food vacuoles
Oral groove – cilia lined to sweep food into gullet

11. Paramecium
Euplotes
Paramecium w/ trichocysts
Didinium
Stentor
Vorticella

12. Didinium feeding Paramecium feeding

13. Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Giardia (Giardiasis),Trypanosoma (African Sleeping Sickness carried by Tse Tse fly
Have flagella for mobility
Many are parasitic and cause intestinal distress

14. Phylum Apicomplexa
Plasmodium (Malaria carried by mosquitoe) & Toxoplasmosis
Nonmotile
Parasitic
Reproduce by forming spores in host cells

15. Malarial Life Cycle

16. Plant-like Protists Classified by their main pigment
Euglenophyta – Euglena
Move using Flagella
Eyespot as a photoreceptor to keep organism in photic zone
May be auto or heterotrophic

17. 2. Pyrrophyta – Fire algae
Dinoflagellates have two flagella
Luminescent – give off light
Produce a neurotoxin – cause Red Tides when they “bloom” and Paralytic Shellfish poisoning in clams and oysters. Blooms concentrate in shell fish then into fish which we eat. Weaken or even kill – biomagnification example

18. Red Tides Caused by a bloom in Dinoflagellates Produce neurotoxins
Responsible for large die-offs of marine organisms and seabirds
Karenia brevis

19. Bacillariophyta– Diatoms
Diatoms - Silica shell
Diatomaceous earth as filtering and also abrasives
Store food as oil (buoyancy)

20. 4. Chlorophyta Green algae
Volvox and Spirogyra
May have flagella or be immobile like Spirogyra
Main pigment is Chlorophyll a & b

21. Fungus-like Protists
Slime molds – Found in nutrient rich materials like mulch, compost and thick wet lawns.
Absorptive heterotrophs
2 stages in life
Single amoeba-like cells
Mold-like mass that produce spores

22. Under The Microscope, Animal-Like

23. Under The Microscope, Plant-Like

24. Volvox
Spirogyra
Euglena
Vorticella
Amoeba
Stentor
Peranema
Blepharisma
Paramecium & Didinium
Diatoms