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Published byEgbert West Modified over 9 years ago
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A. Eukaryotic cells (true nucleus - contains nuclei and membrane enclosed organelles). B. Most are single celled (unicellular). C. Live in wet environments oceans, ponds, swamps Some live in wet soil, rotting logs, or watery tissues inside other organisms 2
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D. Have cilia or flagella at one time in the life cycle E. All are aerobic (need Oxygen) F. Can reproduce sexually or asexually 3
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1. Protozoans (4 types) – Animal-like protists; “first animals”. 2. Algae (6 types) – Plant-like protists; contain chlorophyll; capable of photosynthesis. 3. Slime Molds (2 types) – Fungus-like protists. 4. Water Molds (1 types) – Fungus-like protists. 4
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Classified by method of locomotion Characteristics of Protozoans Eukaryotic Have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Unicellular Heterotrophic Consumer 5
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Size 2 - 100 micrometers Parasitic protozoa are most facultative anaerobes; Mostly heterotrophic, chemorganotrophs Nutrients assimilated via phagocytosis, pinocytosis, diffusion Digestion may be both extracellular and intracellular Two life stages Trophozoiteactive pathogenic vegetative stage Cystlatent survival form Sites of pathogenesis Intestinal, Urogenital, Blood and Tissue 6
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Amoebas Flagellates Ciliates Sporazoans
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Phylum Sarcodina - pseudopodia. Move by pseudopods - “false feet” Ex. Amoeba Captures food by phagocytosis (surround and engulf with pseudopodia) Reproduction by binary fission. No cell walls Trophozoite Motile vegetative stage Cyst Latent survival stage Entamoeba histolytic - causes amoebic dysentery (harmful to humans) vomiting, diarrhea, possible brain damage 8
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10 Amoebic Movement and Phagocytosis
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Phylum Zoomastigina - flagellates. Move by flagella - “whip-like tail” Absorb food directly through cell membrane Ex. Trypanosoma - causes African sleeping sickness Ex. Trichonympha - lives in digestive system of termites (mutualism - both organisms benefit) 11
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Trichomonas foetus : cow disease
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Trichomonas vaginalis: an STD
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Phylum Ciliophora - ciliates Free living cilia Move beating tiny hairs called cilia Ex. Paramecium. - contains two nuclei. 1. Micronucleus (small) - controls reproduction. 2. Macronucleus (large) - directs metabolic functions. 16
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Parts of the Paramecium. a. Oral groove - cilia sweep food into this area. b. Mouth pore - food travels to mouth. c. Gullet - stores food. d. Food vacuole - digests food. e. Contractile vacuole - regulates water balance. Protection tricocysts - bottle -shaped structures embedded in the cell membrane that discharge when a cell is damaged or shocked; barbed projections that can damage predators. 17
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Phylum Sporozoa - sporazoans Non-motile - cannot move All are parasites Move from one host to the next through spores Ex. Plasmodium - causes Malaria. 20
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Malaria in red blood cells
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Pneumonia in aids patients
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Disease Malaria, African-sleeping sickness, ameobic dysentary Red- tides Kills fish (protists make toxin) Home destruction Termites (protists in guts digest wood)
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Oxygen to atmosphere Green algae do photosynthesis Food for humans Seaweed Food “smootheners” Toothpaste, ice cream, etc… Food source in oceans Plankton are base of aquatic food chains
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