1. Chapter 12 Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

2. Fungi General characteristics heterotrophic nonphototrophic absorptive
saprophytic
decompose to obtain nutrients
some pathogens

3. Fungi Morphology interconnected branched filaments Hyphae Mycelium
individual filaments
Mycelium
connected hyphae
coenocytic--undivided
septa--incomplete divisions

4. Fungi Thallus body of the fungus Yeasts Molds Dimorphic Fleshy fungi
single cells, oval shaped
Molds
mycelium
Dimorphic
stages of both yeast and mold
Fleshy fungi
fruiting structures
mushrooms
Figure 12.2

5. Fungi Reproduction Classification based on reproduction Assexual
elongation and fragmentation
budding
division of cells
asexual spores
sporangiospores
conidiospores
Sexual
spores
sexual fusion of gametes

6. Fungi Lower Fungi Coenocytic Five classes Figure 12.5 Chytridiomycetes
Water molds
Gametes motility by flagella
Oomycetes
Nonmotile sexual spores
Zygomycetes
Terrestrial molds
Disease: zygomycoses
Figure 12.5

7. Fungi Higher Fungi septate hyphae Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes
ascospores
Basidiomycetes
basidiospores
mushrooms
Deuteromycetes
no sexual spores
Penicillium
Figure 12.6

8. Figure 12.6

9. Fungi and Plants Plant diseases Lower fungi Higher fungi Control
Pythium spp.--Damping off
Phytophthora infestans--Potato tuber slime
Phytophthora ramorum--Sudden oak death
Higher fungi
Many diseases
Apple scab, corn smut, Dutch elm disease
Control
Anti-fungal sprays
Fungus-resistant plants

10. Fungi and Humans Human disease Mycoses Toxins
Most often acquired from nature
Treatment is difficult
Toxins
Muscarin
Amanita muscaria mushroom
Phalloidin and amanitin
A. phalloides mushroom
Ergot
Claviceps purpurea—mold on rye
Aflatoxin
Aspergillus spp.
Black mold toxin (sick building syndrome)
Stachybotrys chartarum

11. Algae Aquatic Terrestrial Endophytic Varied environments Commercial
freshwater
marine
Terrestrial
moist soil
tree bark
surface of rocks
Endophytic
live in other organisms
Varied environments
Commercial
Carageenan
thickener
Agar
Alginic acid
Food
protein supplement
animal food

12. Algae Classification Six groups Euglenoids Dinoflagellates Diatoms
form of thalli
wall structure
pigments
Euglenoids
Dinoflagellates
Diatoms
Green algae
Brown algae
Red algae
Figure 12.12

13. Lichens Mutualistic association fungus phototroph algae cyanobacteria
Figure 12.13

14. Protozoa Four groups Flagellate Amoeboid Sporozoa Ciliate
based on motility
Flagellate
Mastigophora
Amoeboid
Sarcodina
pseudopods
Sporozoa
nonmotile
Ciliate
cilia
Figure 12.14

15. Slime molds Not fungi Two groups True slime molds Cellular slime molds
Slimy, veined mass
Multinucleated cytoplasm
Cellular slime molds
Cells resemble amoeboid protozoa
Dictyostelium discoideum
Morphological changes in life cycle

16. Relatedness of Eukaryotes
Figure 12.19

17. Helminths Flatworms Roundworms tapeworms flukes nematodes Figure 12.20
scolex
attachment
hooks/sucker
germinal center
new segments
proglottids
segments
flukes
Roundworms
nematodes
Figure 12.20

18. Life Cycle of Beef Tapeworm
Figure 12.21

19. Arthropod Vectors Reservoir of infection mechanical vector
external transmission
not essential link
biological vector
part of life cycle
internal transmission
Figure 12.23