1. Eukaryotes Donald Winslow, 15 April 2014 Readings from What is Life: A guide to Biology, 2 nd edition by Phelan (2013). W. H. Freeman and Co. ISBN (13): 978-1-4641-0720-7. ISBN (10): 1- 4641-0720-3. Protists: Ch. 13 pp 529-532 Fungi: Ch. 12 pp 498-503 Plants: Ch. 12 pp 474-493 Animals: Ch. 11 pp 429-463

2. Protists Kingdom Protista Unicellular or multicellular Classification by mode of nutrition

3. Kingdom Protista Algae (plant-like protists) Protozoans (animal-like protists) Fungus-like protists Slime molds  Plasmodial slime molds  Cellular slime molds Water molds (Phylum Oomycota)

4. Algae Phylum Chlorophyta (green algae) Charophytes Phylum Rhodophyta (red algae) Brown algae Golden-brown algae Diatoms

5. Protozoans Flagellates—protists with flagella Dinoflagellates, euglenids, choanoflagellates Protists with pseudopods Amoeboids, foraminiferans, radiolarians Ciliates—protists with cilia Sporozoans (apicomplexans) Non-motile, form spores, pathogenic

6. Fungi Saprophytic decomposers Nutrient cycling Multicellular or unicellular Hyphae Spores Sexual and asexual reproduction

7. Kingdom Fungi Phylum Zygomycota Phylum Ascomycota Asci and ascospores Phylum Basidiomycota—most mushrooms Fungal symbioses Lichens Mycorrhizae

8. Kingdom Plantae Non-vascular plants Vascular plants Seedless vascular plants Seed plants  Gymnosperms  Angiosperms (flowering plants) Phylum Magnoliophyta

9. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Porifera Phylum Cnidaria Protostomes Deuterostomes Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Chordata  Prochordates and vertebrates