1. What do Greenhouse Gases Do? Kevin Czajkowski University of Toledo Kevin.czajkowski@utoledo.edu 419-530-4274

2. Go to this link: https://ccidev.utoledo.edu/climate/beta/albedo/ Effect of Earth’s Albedo (Reflectivity) on Its Temperature

3. Without an atmosphere, the Earth’s equilibrium temperature is: -18° C (25° F) Why isn’t the Earth frozen? Answer: The Greenhouse Effect

5. Greenhouse Gases Absorb and Emit Infrared Radiation (Light)

6. What are the Greenhouse Gases? CO 2 – Carbon Dioxide CH 4 – Methane H 2 0 – Water Vapor N 2 O – Nitrous Oxide O 3 – Ozone CFC – Chloroflourocarbons

7. http://climate.nasa.gov/key_indicators Let’s explore NASA’s Climate Change Website Go to this link

8. Questions to Explore What is the current level of CO 2 in the atmosphere? What was the preindustrial revolution level of CO 2 ? How has global temperatures changed over the last 100+ years? What is some other evidence of climate change?

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12. Plastic WrapPlexiglas Greenhouse Gases Act Like Plexiglas

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15. 15 What Other Human Activities Affect the Climate? Land use change (urban sprawl) Condensation Trails (Contrails) Dust pollution

16. 16 What Natural Variations Affect the Climate? Soil Moisture changes (Drought) – months to years Volcanic Eruptions – several years Ocean Currents – decades to millennium Solar Changes – decades to millennium Orbital Changes – 10s of thousands of years

17. Source: http://www.c2es.org/facts-figures/us-emissions/gas

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20. http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=10691

21. 21 Kyoto Protocol (1997) Reduction of emission of Greenhouse Gases by 5.2% below 1990 levels by 2012 Focus on Developing Countries (China and India exempt) Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Protection and Enhancement of “sinks” Emissions Trading