1. Sentence Types
Chapter 4

2. Simple Sentence
Has only one subject-verb combination and expresses on complete thought.
Example
Our daughter cooked dinner tonight.
S V
May have more than 1 sub. and 1 verb.
Shorts and t-shirts sway on the clothesline.
S S V

3. Compound Sentences Is made up of two or more complete thoughts.
Example
Rose wants chili for dinner, but she forgot to buy beans.
The driver failed to signal, and he went through a stop sign.
The meal was not hot, so we sent it back to the kitchen.
But, and, so, are the joining word that are used most often.

4. Complex Sentences
Is made up of one complete thought and a thought that begins with a dependent word like after, although, as, because, if, since, unless, until, when, where, and while.
A comma is placed after a dependent statement when it starts a sentence.
Example
Although I had a free ticket to the game, I was too tired to go.
I set my alarm for 5:00 a.m. because I wanted to finish a paper.
After the test was over, we got something to eat.

5. Fragments I
Chapter 5

6. Basics
To be a complete sentence, it must contain a subject and verb. It must also express a complete thought.
If it does not have a subject, verb, or complete thought, it is a fragment.

7. Dependent Word Fragment
Has a subject and verb, but does not express a complete thought.
Example
Because Laura is tired.
S V (not a complete thought)
(what happened to Laura)
Should be: Because Laura was tired, she took a nap.
(completes thought)

8. More When the man pointed the gun at us.
After I turned off the television set.
When a dependent word start a sentence, follow it with a comma.
When the man pointed the gun at us, we gave him our money.
I went to bed after I turned off the t.v.

9. Common Dependent Words
After Although
As Because
Before Even if
Even though
Even when
If Since
That Though
Unless Wherever
Until Whether
What Which
When While
Whenever
Who Where

10. Fragments II
Chapter 6

11. More Fragments
Fragments without a subject
-ing and to fragments.

12. Fragments w/o subject Some fragments have a verb but no subject.
Joe Davis lowered himself from his van into his wheelchair. And then rolled up the sidewalk ramp.
1st part of sentence is fine; 2nd part has no subject (fragment)
Joe Davis lowered himself from his van into his wheelchair and then rolled up the sidewalk ramp.

13. -ing and to fragments
When -ing appears at or near the beginning of a word group, a fragment may result.
Hoping to furnish their new home cheaply. The newlyweds go to garage sales.
No S and in the 1st part (fragment)

14. Cont.
A fragment may also result when a word group begins with to followed by a verb.
Leo jogged through the park. To clear his mind before the midterm.
1st part good. 2nd part has no subject or complete verb.
A word that follows to cannot be the verb of a sentence.

15. Cont.
You can often fix such fragments by attaching them to the sentence that comes before or after.
Leo jogged through the park to clear his mind before the midterm.
Hoping to furnish their new home cheaply the newlyweds go to garage sales.

16. Example Fragments
Word groups that begin with words like including, such as, and for example are sometimes fragments.

17. Fragments cont.
Fragment: For class, we had to read several books. Including The Diary of Anne Frank.
Fragment: My grandfather has many interests. For example, playing poker and watching old cowboy movies.
Fix these fragments by attaching them to the sentence that comes before, or by adding a subject and a verb.
Sentence: For class, we had to read several books, including The Diary of Anne Frank.
Sentence: My grandfather has many interests. For example, he plays poker and watches old cowboy movies.

18. Fragments -----If only I had taken Mother's advice
[, things would have turned out better].
-----The insults I had to put up with
[at the office]!
-----The nerve of some people
[is too much to bear]!
-----Because I wanted to.
[I did it]
-----Whatever you say.
[I’ll do]
-----Had enough?
[Have you]
-----Probably so.
[It is]