1. Sentence Types

2. #1: Simple Sentence A simple sentence has one subject and one verb
I like to study grammar.
A simple sentence is also called an independent clause.
An independent clause ends with a period or semicolon.
#1: Simple Sentence

3. I love you. Simple sentence
One subject
I love you.
One verb
Independent clause: only one subject and one verb

4. I love and hate you. Simple sentence
One subject
I love and hate you.
Two verbs
Independent clause: only one subject and two verbs

5. Mom and Dad love you. Simple sentence
Two subjects
Mom and Dad love you.
One verb
Independent clause: two subjects and one verb

6. A compound sentence is made up of two or more simple sentences joined by one of the following:
A comma and one of the FANBOYS
I like to study grammar, and I love this class.
A semicolon
I like to study grammar; I love this class.
A semicolon and a transitional
I like to study grammar; therefore, I love this class.
#2: Compound Sentence

7. I love you, and you love me.
Compound sentence
Independent clause
I love you, and you love me.
Independent clause
Two independent clauses joined together with a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS)

8. Two independent clauses joined together with a semicolon
Compound sentence
Independent clause
I love you; you love me.
Independent clause
Two independent clauses joined together with a semicolon

9. I love you; therefore, you love me.
Compound sentence
Independent clause
I love you; therefore, you love me.
Independent clause
Two independent clauses joined together with a semicolon, transitional expression, and a comma

10. Test yourself – Simple or Compound
The teacher walked into the classroom, greeted the students, and took attendance.
Simple
None of us knew our lines; nevertheless, the show opened successfully on Friday.
Compound
Michael and Josh walked around the park and had a picnic.

11. Test yourself – Simple or Compound
Friday night we can go bowling or go to the movies.
Simple
Taming a cobra is dangerous, yet it is not as dangerous as being a teacher.
Compound
Take your jacket along for the rain and cold.
The team was second in the standings; they had to win three games to move to first place.

12. A complex sentence is a simple sentence (independent clause) to which a part of a sentence (dependent clause) has been added.
Because I like to study grammar, I love this class.
I love this class because I like to study grammar.
#3: Complex Sentence

13. Because you love me, I love you.
Complex sentence
Dependent clause
Because you love me, I love you.
Independent clause
A dependent clause joined to an independent clause. (The dependent clause needs the rest of the sentence for support.)

14. Fragment! Because you love me. Dependent clause
A dependent clause contains a subject and verb. It begins with a subordinating conjunction, and thus it does not express a completed thought. A dependent clause is also called a subordinate clause.
Dependent clauses, like babies, cannot stand alone.

15. Complex sentences should be punctuated in one of two ways:
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE dependent clause (no comma)
We left class early so that we could attend a special lecture.
Dependent clause, INDEPENDENT CLAUSE (comma)
So that we could attend a special lecture, we left class early.

16. Dependent Clauses - beginning
Choose two of the subordinating clauses below and create two complex sentences using the dependent clauses at the beginning
After I studied for the test,
Although I studied for the test,
Since I studied for the test,
Because I studied for the test,
Whenever I studied for the test,
As long as I studied for the test,
While I studied for the test,

17. Dependent Clauses - End
Choose two of the subordinating clauses below and create two complex sentences using the dependent clauses at the end
…after I studied for the test
…although I studied for test
…since I studied for the test
…because I studied for the test
…whenever I studied for the test
…as long as I studied for the test
…while I studied for the test

18. Common Subordinating (Dependent) Conjunctions
after
even if
now that
that
where
although
even though
once
though
whereas as if
rather than
unless
wherever
as if
whenever
since
until
whether
because
in order
so that
when
which
before
than
in case
while

19. #4: Compound/Complex Sentence
A compound/complex sentence is the last and most complicated type of sentence.
It contains at least one dependent clause and at least two independent clauses.
#4: Compound/Complex Sentence

20. Compound complex sentence
Dependent clause
Because we are a family, I love you, and you love me.
2 independent clauses
A dependent clause added to two or more independent clauses

21. Compound-Complex Sentences
Although thought to be indestructible, the World Trade Center fell on September 11, 2001, and that forever changed the country.
The terrible rumors were spread by a journalist who wanted to ruin her career, but instead it only made her stronger.
Compound-Complex Sentences

22. Compound Complex Sentence
Create a compound-complex sentence by adding a compound sentence to the dependent clauses below (these may be at the beginning or at the end)
after I studied for the test
although I studied for the test
since I studied for the test
because I studied for the test
whenever I studied for the test
as long as I studied for the test,
while I studied for the test,

23. Since every sentence in English fits into one of these four categories,
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound/
complex

24. Look at this paragraph with many independent clauses joined with coordinating conjunctions:
I went home, but my roommate wasn't there, so I started to cook dinner, but my roommate came in and saw me trying to cook his favorite recipe, but I didn't really know how to make it well, and he got really angry, so I stopped cooking, and he made dinner for us, and then everything was all right.

25. The independent clauses are underlined, and the coordinating conjunctions are in bold:
1 went home, but my roommate wasn't there, so I started to cook dinner, but my roommate came in and saw me trying to cook his favorite recipe, but I didn't really know how to make it well, and he got really angry, so I stopped cooking, and he made dinner for us, and then everything was all right.

26. This is better! Notice how it makes use of a variety of sentence structures.
When I went home, my roommate wasn't there, so I started to cook dinner. Then, my roommate came in and saw me trying to cook his favorite recipe even though I didn't know how to make it well. I stopped cooking because he got really angry. In the end, he made dinner for us, and everything was all right.

27. Test yourself – Simple, Compound, Complex, or Compound, Compound-Complex
Although it is January, the weather is beautiful, and I would like to go hiking.
Compound-Complex
Juan played football while Jane went shopping.
Complex
Juan played football, yet Jim went shopping.
Compound

28. Test yourself – Simple, Compound, Complex, or Compound, Compound-Complex
Although Mexico has a better team, they lost the tournament, and their more aggressive style did not pay off.
Compound-Complex
If you can believe it, the mind can achieve it.
Complex
Successful athletes often inspire others because they serve as role models.