1. 1 st Nine Weeks Study Guide

2. Standard 1 (Glassware, Measurements, Instruments) Light Microscope Electron Microscope Magnification power 1500500,000 Method of Magnification LightElectrons Types Compound & Dissecting Scanning & Transmission

3. Standard 1 (Glassware, Measurements, Instruments) 2. a) meterstick or ruler b) graduated cylinder c) triple beam balance d) thermometer 3. kilo-1000, milli-0.001 milli-0.001 4. to communicate internationally/universally internationally/universally 5. Graduated Cylinder

4. Standard 2 (Cells) 6. How do particles move in diffusion based on concentation?  From an area of high to low concentration 7. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called what? Osmosis

5. Standard 2 (Cells) 8. What are the 3 forms of passive transport? Simple & Facilitated Diffusion, OsmosisSimple & Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis 9. What cell structure regulates what enters and leaves the cell? What does it maintain? Plasma membranePlasma membrane HomeostasisHomeostasis

6. Standard 2 (Cells) - Requires energy - particles move from an area of low concentration to high concentration - Doesn’t require energy - Doesn’t require energy - particles move from an - particles move from an area of high concentration area of high concentration to low concentration to low concentration Types of transport 10.

7. Standard 2 (Cells) 11. What are the two types of endocytosis? Phagocytosis & PinocytosisPhagocytosis & Pinocytosis 12. What is the picture to the right an example of? Facilitated diffusion

8. Standard 2 (Cells) 13. Explain a hypertonic solution in terms of where the solute is. Higher concentration of solute on OUTSIDE of the cell, causing the cell to SHRINK. (salt sucks the water out)Higher concentration of solute on OUTSIDE of the cell, causing the cell to SHRINK. (salt sucks the water out)

9. Standard 2 (Cells) 14. Explain a hypotonic solution in terms of where the solute is. Higher concentration of solute on INSIDE of the cell, causing the cell to BURST. (salt sucks the water IN) 15. Explain an isotonic solution in terms of water movement. Concentration of solute is the SAME inside and outside of the cell, (salt sucks the water both IN & OUT).Concentration of solute is the SAME inside and outside of the cell, (salt sucks the water both IN & OUT).

10. Standard 2 (Cells) 16. Explain a hypertonic solution in terms of water movement & draw a picture. 17. Explain a hypotonic solution in terms of water movement & draw a picture. H 2 0 Out Cell Shrinks H 2 0 In Cell Swells

11. Standard 2 (Cells) 18. If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, where does water go and what is this movement called? Out of the cell; osmosisOut of the cell; osmosis

12. Standard 2 (Cells) 19. What happens in facilitated diffusion? Small particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration using a transport protein.Small particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration using a transport protein.

13. Standard 4 (Cell Organelles) 20. Where does protein synthesis occur? RibosomesRibosomes 21. What is the function of the chloroplast? Make food for the cell, turn plants greenMake food for the cell, turn plants green 22. What does the vacuole store? Food, water, or wasteFood, water, or waste

14. Standard 4 (Cell Organelles) 23. Compare and contrast a prokaryote and eukaryote in terms of: a) genetic material locationa) genetic material location  In the eukaryotic cell the genetic material is in the nucleus, in the prokaryotic cell the genetic material is suspended in the cytoplasm in the nucleoid region. b) types of organelles present.b) types of organelles present.  The only organelles present in the prokaryotic cell are ribosomes, cell membrane, and cell wall. The eukaryotic cell has all organelles present.

15. Standard 4 (Cell Organelles) 24. What are cilia? little hairs that aid in locomotion.little hairs that aid in locomotion. 25. What are three structures found only in animal cells? Centrioles/centrosomes, cilia, flagellaCentrioles/centrosomes, cilia, flagella 26. What are three structures found only in plant cells? chloroplast, large central vacuole, cell wallchloroplast, large central vacuole, cell wall 27. What organelle is nicknamed the “powerhouse” of the cell? MitochondriaMitochondria 28. What are all living things made up of? CellsCells

16. Standard 4 (Cell Organelles) 29. What 3 things make up a plasma membrane? Phospholipids, cholesterol, & transport proteins 30. What is an example of a eukaryotic cell? Animal or plant cells 31. What is an example of a prokaryotic cell? Bacterial cell 32. Name two types of cells that have a cell wall. Plant cell, bacterial cell

17. Standard 4 (Cell Organelles) 33. Which structure in the figure is the control center? I 34. Which structure in the figure maintains homeostasis? D 35. Which structure is responsible for chemical reactions? L 36. Which structure in the figure transforms energy? K 37. Which structure in the figure sorts and transports? G 38. Which parts in the figure are in a prokaryotic cell? D,(membrane) H(cytoplasm), M(ribosome)

18. Standard 5 (Levels of Organization) 39. Define an organism and give an example of one. Anything that possesses all of the characteristics of life. A person.Anything that possesses all of the characteristics of life. A person.

19. Standard 5 (Levels of Organization) CellsTissuesOrgans Organ SystemOrganism PopulationCommunityEcosystem Biosphere Atoms Molecule Organelle