1. Chapter 1 The Science of Life

2. The Study of Life Biology: the study of living things Biology: the study of living things Some Fields of Biology: entomology (insects) Some Fields of Biology: entomology (insects) parasitology (parasites) parasitology (parasites) microbiology (bacteria) microbiology (bacteria) ornithology (birds) ornithology (birds) herpetology (reptiles) herpetology (reptiles)

3. Six Major Themes of Biology Cell structure and function Cell structure and function Stability and homeostasis Stability and homeostasis Reproduction and inheritance Reproduction and inheritance Evolution Evolution Interdependence of organisms Interdependence of organisms Matter, energy, and organization Matter, energy, and organization

4. Cell Structure and Function Cells are the basic unit of life Cells are the basic unit of life All organisms are made of and develop from cells All organisms are made of and develop from cells

5. Unicellular Organisms Organisms composed of only one cell Organisms composed of only one cell Examples: bacteria and protists Examples: bacteria and protists

6. Multicellular organisms Organisms composed of more than one cell Organisms composed of more than one cell May be highly complex May be highly complex Examples: plants and animals Examples: plants and animals

7. Facts about cells: Cells are highly organized Cells are highly organized Contain specialized structures Contain specialized structures There are many different kinds of cells There are many different kinds of cells Contain genetic material Contain genetic material

8. Differentiation In multicellular organisms, cells become different as they grow and develop In multicellular organisms, cells become different as they grow and develop After fertilization, cells divide and will eventually become specialized After fertilization, cells divide and will eventually become specialized

9. Stability and Homeostasis Living things maintain stable internal conditions Living things maintain stable internal conditions Examples: body temperature, water content, electrolytes Examples: body temperature, water content, electrolytes

10. Reproduction and Inheritance Organisms transmit hereditary information to their offspring Organisms transmit hereditary information to their offspring DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Gene: a short segment of DNA that contains instructions for a single trait Gene: a short segment of DNA that contains instructions for a single trait

11. Sexual Reproduction Production of offspring from the combination of genetic material from two parent organisms Production of offspring from the combination of genetic material from two parent organisms Example: Example: sperm + egg = zygote

12. Asexual Reproduction Doesn’t require two different organisms Doesn’t require two different organisms One cell gives rise to two cells One cell gives rise to two cells Example: binary fission in bacteria and protists Example: binary fission in bacteria and protists

13. Evolution Evolution= a genetic change in a population over a long period of time Natural selection: organisms that have favorable traits will survive better and pass those traits on to their offspring

14. Evolution by Natural Selection Driven by competition among individuals for resources Driven by competition among individuals for resources Individuals that can survive will be able to mate Individuals that can survive will be able to mate Traits are inherited by offspring Traits are inherited by offspring

15. Interdependence of Organisms Ecology: the study of the interactions of organisms and their environment Ecology: the study of the interactions of organisms and their environment Ecosystems= environmental communities Ecosystems= environmental communities

16. Fragile Environments All life is interconnected All life is interconnected When one aspect of the environment is harmed, it will have a negative impact on the whole ecosystem When one aspect of the environment is harmed, it will have a negative impact on the whole ecosystem

17. Matter, Energy, and Organization Almost all energy on Earth comes from the sun Almost all energy on Earth comes from the sun Photosynthesis- plants capture energy from the sun use it to manufacture glucose Photosynthesis- plants capture energy from the sun use it to manufacture glucose

18. Autotrophs Organisms that make their own food Organisms that make their own food “self-feeders” “self-feeders” Example: plants Example: plants

19. Heterotrophs Organisms that must take in food to meet their energy needs Organisms that must take in food to meet their energy needs “other-feeders” “other-feeders” Examples: rabbits, coyotes, bears Examples: rabbits, coyotes, bears

20. Conclusion Biology is the study of life, ranging from the study of unicellular organisms to the study of global interactions among millions of organisms Biology is the study of life, ranging from the study of unicellular organisms to the study of global interactions among millions of organisms

21. All forms of life deserve protection and respect