1. Commerce & Trade

2. Trade... is the activity of buying, selling or exchanging goods within a country or between countries. (Longman Business English Dictionary)....is the buying and selling of goods, services, currencies or securities. (Oxford Dictionary of Business English)

3. Commerce... is the buying and selling of goods and services = trade. (Longman Business English Dictionary)... is the buying and selling of goods and services between people, businesses and countries and the activities of banks, insurers and other organizations that contribute to this. (Oxford Dict.of Business English)... involves both trade and services to trade. (Reader 2)

4. Trade vs. Commerce C o m m e r c e ↓ ↓ Trade

5. Trade vs. Commerce C o m m e r c e ↓ ↓ Trade Services to trade

6. Trade vs. Commerce C o m m e r c e ↓ ↓ Trade Services to trade / \ Home International

7. Trade vs. Commerce C o m m e r c e ↓ ↓ Trade Services to trade / \ - Banking Home International - Finance - Insurance - Transport - Communication

8. T R A D E ↓ HOMEINTERNATIONAL ↓↓ ↓ ↓ wholesaleretailimportexport

9. Home vs. International Home / domestic trade – trade between buyers and sellers in the same country.  We recorded a growth in domestic trade in 2008. Foreign / overseas trade – trade with other countries.  China's expanding foreign trade... International trade – Trade in goods and services between different countries.  The international trade in information technologies is constantly growing.

10. Retail vs. Wholesale Retail (trade) – the sale of goods to the general public, esp. in shops.  His experience in retail includes managing a number of shops. (n.)  The retail trade is suffering during recession. (adj.)  The doll will retail for about EUR 5. (v.)  We only deal with wholesalers – we don't sell any of our goods retail. (adv.) Retailer – a trader, eg. a shopkeeper, who buys small quantities of goods from wholsalers to sell to the general public.

11. Retail vs. Wholesale Wholesale (trade) – connected with buying and selling goods in large quantities from manufacturers.  a wholesale business/company/market/outlet (adj.)  to buy wholesale (adv.) Wholesaler – a person, or an organization that buys large quantities of goods from manufacturers and sells them to retailers who sell directly to the public.

12. Wholesale trade Could you explain the role of wholesalers? What do they provide? Who benefits from their services? Give some examples.

13. Services provided by the wholesaler Reader, p 23 For the producer:  Reducing transport costs  Advising producer of current market trends  Finishing goods by grading, packaging and branding  Making mass production possible by ordering in large quantities --> reducing production costs For the retailer:  Offering choice of products from many producers  Supplying small quantities to suit retailers' needs

14. Exercises Reader, p 61: Ways of Selling 1

15. Ways of Selling 1 1 broker 8 customer 2 middlemen 9 merchant 3 retailer10 franchise 4 outlet11 agent 5 sales force12 consumer 6 wholesaler 7 distributor

16. Exercises Reader, p 61: Ways of Selling 1 Reader, p 24: Types of retail outlets

17. Exercises Reader, p 61: Ways of Selling 1 Reader, p 24: Types of retail outlets Reader, p 62: Ways of Selling 2

18. Ways of Selling 2 1 end users 8 retailer 2 premises 9 authorised dealer 3 outlet10 franchise 4 chain11 agent 5 telephone12 vending machines 6 sales reps 7 industrial

19. Exercises Reader, p 61: Ways of Selling 1 Reader, p 24: Types of retail outlets Reader, p 62: Ways of Selling 2 Reading Reader, p 25: Storm clouds over the mall  Do exercises 1, 3 and 4.  Match the paragraphs from the article to those in the report on p 16