1. Ms. Napolitano & Mrs. Haas CP Biology
Cytology
Ms. Napolitano & Mrs. Haas
CP Biology

2. Terms for Do Now 2/5 & 2/6
Plasma Membrane Cytoplasm Cytosol Chromosomes Ribosomes Nucleoid Nucleus Nucleolus Nuclear Membrane Nuclear Pores Nucleoplasm Mitochondria Smooth ER Rough ER Vesicles Lysosomes Peroxisomes Golgi Apparatus Cytoskeleton Microtubules Flagella Cilia Centrioles Cell Wall Central Vacuole Chloroplasts

3. What Are Cells? Cells: the smallest unit of life
Collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier
Cytology: The study of cells

4. Robert Hooke 1665 - Viewed cork under a microscope.
Named empty chambers “cells” because they looked like monks’ cells.

5. Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function.
New cells are produced from existing cells.
1838
1855

6. The study of cells is called…
Microbiology
Cytology
Histology
Immunology

7. The study of cells is called…
Microbiology
Cytology*
Histology
Immunology

8. Which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory?
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure & function.
All cells come from preexisting cells
When one cell is born, one cell must die.

9. Which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory?
All living things are made up of cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure & function.
All cells come from preexisting cells
When one cell is born, one cell must die.*

10. Parts of the Cell

11. Plasma Membrane Holds the cell together Surrounds the cell
Controls what goes in and out
Phospholipid bilayer

12. Cytoplasm & Cytosol Cytoplasm Material in the cell membrane Cytosol
Does not include the nucleus
Cytosol
Liquid found inside cells
Separated into compartments by membranes

13. Chromosomes Threadlike structure within the nucleus
Contains genetic information (DNA)
Humans = 23 chromosome pairs

14. Ribosomes Where proteins are made
May be free in the cytosol or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum

15. Nucleoid Contains the genetic material of prokaryotes
Recall: prokaryotes do not have nuclei

16. Nucleus Structure that contains the cell’s genetic material
Controls cell activity
Only found in eukaryotes

17. Nucleolus Small, dense region within nucleus
Where protein production begins

18. Nuclear Membrane, Nuclear Pores, & Nucleoplasm
Nuclear Membrane: layer that surrounds the nucleus
Separates & protects the nucleus
Nuclear Pores: channels that regulate the transport of molecules across the membrane
Nucleoplasm: fluid
inside of the nucleus

19. Mitochondria
Converts chemical energy from food into compounds usable by the cell
AKA the “powerhouse” of the cell
Makes ATP

20. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough ER: makes proteins
Contains ribosomes
Connected to the nucleus
Smooth ER: carb/lipid
synthesis, detoxification
No ribosomes

21. Vesicles
Small “bubble”
Transport materials within the cell

22. Lysosomes & Peroxisomes
Lysosome: small organelle filled with enzymes to break down certain materials within the cell
Peroxisome: small organelle that contains catalase
breaks down hydrogen peroxide
2 H2O2  2 H2O + O2

23. Golgi Apparatus Modify, sort, and package proteins
Vesicles fuse on & pinch off

24. Cytoskeleton Network of protein filaments Maintains cell shape
Helps with cell movement

25. Cytoskeleton Filaments
Microtubules: largest
Involved in cell division
Actin: smallest
Makes striations of skeletal
muscle tissue
Intermediate Filaments: provide support
hold organelles into place
Organize cells into tissues

26. Flagella & Cilia Flagella: whip-like appendages used for propulsion
Cilia: short, hair-like projections that aid in movement

27. Centrioles Structures that help organize cell division
Not found in plant cells

28. Cell Wall Rigid outer layer of the cell that supports the membrane
Found in plants, algae, & some bacteria

29. Central Vacuole Large cavity in plant cells
Stores food, water, or metabolic waste
Maintains turgor pressure

30. Chloroplasts Found in photosynthetic organisms Site of photosynthesis
Captures light energy and convert it into chemical energy

31. Theory of Endosymbiosis
Eukaryotic cells arose from living communities formed by prokaryotic cells
Mitochondria & chloroplasts were once free-living prokaryotic cells
Evidence: 1. They both contain their own DNA
2. They both have ribosomes
3. They divide by mitosis

33. Which of the following cell parts is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?
Mitochondrion
Ribosomes
Chromosomes
Cytosol

34. Which of the following cell parts is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?
Mitochondrion*
Ribosomes
Chromosomes
Cytosol

35. The function of the mitochondria is to produce
Energy
Food
Water
Sunlight

36. The function of the mitochondria is to produce
Energy*
Food
Water
Sunlight

37. Which of the following organelles packages and ships out proteins?
Smooth ER
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus

38. Which of the following organelles packages and ships out proteins?
Smooth ER
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus*

39. Which of the following cell parts is responsible for cell movement?
Plasma membrane
Peroxisomes
Cilia
Intermediate Filaments

40. Which of the following cell parts is responsible for cell movement?
Plasma membrane
Peroxisomes
Cilia*
Intermediate Filaments

41. The Rough ER has ribosomes bound to its membrane.
True
False

42. The Rough ER has ribosomes bound to its membrane.
True*
False

43. The nucleoid is found in prokaryotic cells.
True
False

44. The nucleoid is found in prokaryotic cells.
True*
False

45. Which of the following is found in both plant and animal cells?
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Smooth ER
Central Vacuole

46. Which of the following is found in both plant and animal cells?
Chloroplasts
Cell wall
Smooth ER*
Central Vacuole

47. Which of the following is found in animal cells, but not plant cells?
Nucleus
Centriole
Golgi apparatus
Rough ER

48. Which of the following is found in animal cells, but not plant cells?
Nucleus
Centriole*
Golgi apparatus
Rough ER