1. Overall Classification: UNCLASSIFIED//REL TO NATO/ISAF

2.  Tooth decay (caries): ◦ Result of poor dietary choices ◦ Poor Oral Hygiene practices; specifically, when dental plaque is allowed to remain on the teeth.

3.  Ways of maintaining oral hygiene  Brushing- two to three times per day  Flossing- once per day  Toothpaste- with fluoride

4.  Brushing  Soft bristled toothbrush  Small headed is better for removing plaque and debris  Shape of the toothbrush is whatever is most comfortable  Replace toothbrush every three months or when worn

5.  A worn toothbrush can damage gum tissue.

6.  Brush is placed 45 degrees to long axis of tooth  Bristles placed against tissue and rolled from gingiva to occlusal  Good for facial and lingual surfaces of teeth but not for gingival crevicular cleansing

8.  Teeth in occlusion  Brush pressed at right angle to long axis of teeth  Vigorous rotation of brush to clean teeth and gums  Technique fairly effective for young children; easy to perform but no sulcular cleansing

10.  Brush placed at 45 degree angle to the long axis toward the crown  Bristles gently forced between teeth (bristles DO NOT rest on the gingiva)  Slight rotation for 3-4 movements. Repeat for next teeth

12. “Any toothbrush, regardless of the brushing method used, does not completely remove interproximal plaque.” The daily use of floss is also very important!

13.  When plaque is left in between teeth:  Gums may recede  Bacterial and pus-filled pockets can develop  Bone loss can occur  Once the bone is destroyed, teeth will loosen and/or require removal.

16.  Colorless, soft, sticky coating that adheres to the teeth.  Colonies of bacteria are embedded in this sticky substance.  Certain bacteria use the sugar contained in our food and convert it into a type of acid that dissolves the tooth

19.  The oral cavity of a newborn does not contain the bacteria responsible for caries and they are transmitted through contact with saliva (most frequently the mother’s saliva to the infant).

20.  The mother may taste food on a spoon before giving it to her baby transferring this bacteria to the baby. CFHSTC Clin Perio Crse 0013

21.  Science has proved that when mothers have high counts of the caries causing bacteriain in their mouths, their infants also have high counts of the same bacteria in their mouths.

22.  The following three factors must occur at the same time:  A susceptible tooth  Diet rich in sugars  Specific bacteria  Regardless of the other factors, caries cannot occur without bacteria

23.  A mineral that can be incorporated into teeth and helps prevent cavities by slowing the breakdown of enamel and speeding up the remineralization process.

24.  Types of Therapies for Home Use  Toothpaste  Fluoride rinse  Prescribed dietary supplements in the form of tablets, drops or lozenges.

25.  Fluorides used in the dental office have been proved to be safe and effective when used as recommended.  Chronic overexposure to fluoride, even at low concentrations, can result in dental fluorosis in children younger than 6 years with developing teeth.

26.  Fluorosis

27.  It is known that bacteria in dental plaque uses the nutrients in sugary type foods to produce acids.  Eventually, the acid demineralizes or breaks down enamel and dentin.

28.  To reduce the possibility of dental decay, you should limit the ingestion of sweets to mealtime, and brush and thoroughly after meals.  Ideally, caries may be avoided by properly brushing and flossing right after eating.

29.  To reduce the cariogenicity of the diet, suggest limiting eating meals to three times a day with no more than two in between snacks. Try eliminating or greatly reducing high sugar and/or sticky foods.

30.  Healthy snack choices include food choices like:  cheese  raw vegetables  meat roll-ups  fresh fruit  milk

31.  Destructive effects of soda and juice are a major cause of early childhood caries and decay among both children and teenagers.

32.  Erosion: Caused by intake of carbonated beverages.

33.  Early Childhood Caries is defined as the presence of one or more decayed, missing (due to caries) or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a preschool-age child between birth and 71 months of age.

34.  Untreated caries may lead to early loss of the primary dentition and affect the growth and maturation of the secondary, adult dentition.  In fact, decay in the primary detention is the best predictor for decay in the secondary dentition.

35.  In the most extreme cases, ECC can lead to:  rampant decay  infection  pain  abscesses  chewing problems  malnutrition  gastrointestinal disorders  low self-esteem

36.  Infectious, but preventable, disease.  Counseling parents on such factors as insuring proper diet, establishing good oral hygiene practices, and giving access to necessary fluoride regimens

37.  Early, Moderate and Advanced Early Childcare Caries

38.  Risk Factor Definition: Something that increases the chance of developing a disease.

39.  Some examples of risk factors for cancer are:  age  family history of certain cancers  use of tobacco products  infection with certain viruses or bacteria

40.  Risk factors of Oral Cancer include:  Tobacco Use (Smoking and Chewing Tobacco)  Alcohol Use  Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Infection  Sun Exposure  Age and Genetic Predisposition

41.  Tobacco Use is the leading cause of oral cancer.  All forms of tobacco, including cigarettes, pipes, cigars, and chewing (smokeless) tobacco, can cause oral cancer.

42.  The risk of oral cancer is greater in people who use both tobacco and alcohol than it is in people who use only tobacco or only alcohol.alcohol

43.  Remember to do the oral cancer screening exam!

44.  Leukoplakia from use of chewing tobacco

45.  Smoking tobacco

46.  There are certain risk factors that cannot be changed.  Age  Family history of certain cancers  Genetic predisposition

47.  Types of risk factors that can be changed:  Quit smoking  Quit or limit alcohol intake  Eating a healthy diet  Exercising  Practicing safe sex

48.  Changes to lifestyle, such as exercising or improving eating habits to help reduce the chance of developing cancer.  Also avoiding things known to cause cancer such as smoking and alcohol.

49.  With good home care and routine check-ups, the dental therapist and patient can work together to maintain a healthy mouth for life.

50. Overall Classification: UNCLASSIFIED//REL TO NATO/ISAF