1. AGWA Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment: GIS-based Hydrologic Modeling Tool for Watershed Assessment and Analysis © Copyright Adriel Heisey

2. Participants USDA-ARS David GoodrichMariano Hernandez Mark Nearing Lainie LevickAverill Cate Jeff Stone Shea BurnsSoren Scott Phil Heilman Roger SmithEvan Canfield US-EPAUSGS Bill KepnerDarius Semmens Dan HeggemBruce Jones Don Ebert University of Arizona Phil GuertinRyan Miller Jamie Massart Hoori AjamiChris Black George Ruyle University of Wyoming Scott MillerGinger Paige Paul Caffrey Margo Berendson Tracy Balyga Hannah Griscom Maneesh SharmaKelsha Anderson

3. Process-based tool to evaluate: –Consequences of historical landscape change –Vulnerability related to current landscape conditions –Scenario/future alternatives evaluations Operate with readily available GIS data –USGS DEMs (DEMs in ESRI Grid Format) –STATSGO, SSURGO, FAO soils –NALC, NLCD, GAP land cover/use Applicable across a range of geographies AZ, OR, NV, NY, VA, WY, MT, Mexico, Kenya, Israel, S. Africa, Peru Applicable to multiple spatial and temporal scales Both Stand-alone and Web application - Available in both ArcView 3.x and ArcGIS 9.x Target audience - Researchers - Resource Managers and Decision Makers - Community-based Stakeholders AGWA Goals: Design Criteria

4. Initial endpoints: runoff and sediment Simple, direct method for model parameterization Provide repeatable results for relative change assessments Two hydrologic models to address multiple scales –SWAT for large basins, daily time steps –KINEROS for small basins, sub-hour time steps Basic GIS functionality –watershed delineation –watershed discretization –simple, direct method for model parameterization –execute the models –visualize results spatially and difference results across multiple simulations AGWA – Basics Note the approach, not the particular models currently in AGWA

5. Daily time step Distributed: empirical and physically-based model Curve-number based infiltration Hydrology, sediment, nutrient, and pesticide yields Larger watersheds (> 1,000 km 2 ) Similar effort used by BASINS 71 73 Soil Water and Assessment Tool (SWAT) 71 73 pseudo- channel 71 channel 73 Abstract Routing Representation to next channel

6. Event-based (< minute time steps) Distributed: physically-based model with dynamic routing Hydrology, erosion, sediment transport, Address flooding and compute a sediment balance Smaller watersheds (< 100-200 km 2 ) 74 72 Kinematic Runoff and Erosion Model KINEROS2 73 71 73 72 74 Abstract Routing Representation

7. Example of watershed discretization for parameterizing KINEROS. Model parameters are averaged for each overland flow and channel element.

8. rainfall intensity (i) flow depth (h) infiltration (f) Finite difference step length (dx) fi x Q t h       channel element Excess Runoff From a Plane - KINEROS Other Factors interception hydraulic roughness rain splash erosion soil cohesion (erodibility) Q q

9. Watershed Discretization (model elements) + Land Cover Soils Rain (Observed or Design Storm) Results Run model and import results Intersect model elements with Watershed Delineation using Digital Elevation Model (DEM ) Sediment yield (t/ha)Sediment discharge (kg/s) Water yield (mm)Channel Scour (mm) Transmission loss (mm)Peak flow (m 3 /s or mm/hr) Channel Disch. (m 3 /day)Sediment yield (kg) Percolation (mm)Runoff (mm or m 3 ) ET (mm)Plane Infiltration (mm) Precipitation (mm)Channel Infiltration (m 3 /km) SWAT OutputsKINEROS Outputs AGWA Conceptual Design: Inputs and Outputs Output results that can be displayed in AGWA

10. AGWA ArcMap Interface

11. San Pedro River, AZ – AGWA Example

12. Kepner et al., EPA-NERL/ESD http://www.epa.gov/nerl1/land-sci/san-pedro.htm

13. Change in Land Cover Extent

14. Spatial and Temporal Scaling of Results High urban growth 1973-1997 Upper San Pedro River Basin >WY Water yield change between 1973 and 1997 SWAT Results Sierra Vista Subwatershed KINEROS Results N Forest Oak Woodland Mesquite Desertscrub Grassland Urban 1997 Land Cover Concentrated urbanization – Using SWAT and KINEROS for integrated watershed assessment – Land cover change analysis and impact on hydrologic response

15. 0100200300400 0 4 8 12 Runoff (mm/hr) Time (min) 0100200300400 0 0.04 0.08 0.12 Time (min) KINEROS model runs for rainfall events 5-year, 30-minute rainfall100-year, 60-minute rainfall 1973 1997 Simulated Runoff From the Small Watershed Near Sierra Vista

16. Output – Tools for Water Quality Planning year Event TMDL Priority LOW MEDIUM 20020Miles N EW S 4048M il e s 3036Miles Currently being used for watershed-based planning in AZ and to assess impacts of energy development in WY. Applied at the 10 and 12 digit HUC scale.

17. Management Tools Land use and land cover modification –Based on common land use/vegetation types –Vegetation monitoring data (in progress) –NRCS Ecological Site Descriptions (in progress) Buffer strips (KINEROS) Detention and retention ponds/ reservoirs Multi-watershed analysis for political/park boundaries Post-Fire effects

18. Land-Cover Modification Tool Allows user to specify type and location of land-cover alterations by either drawing a polygon on the display, or specifying a polygon map Types of Land-Cover Changes: Change entire user-defined area to new land cover Change one land-cover type to another in user-defined area Change land-cover type within user-supplied polygon map Create a random land-cover pattern e.g. to simulate burn pattern, change to 64% barren, 31% desert scrub, and 5% mesquite woodland

19. KINEROS2-OPUS Coupling −Continuous water balance, subsurface flow, plant growth, snow, nutrients, management (i.e. be more like SWAT but more physically- based). Will have the same structure as KINEROS. Development of the Rangeland AGWA (R.AGWA) tool –Supported by a USDA-CSREES Rangeland Science Grant − Include the Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model (RHEM) − Incorporation of dynamic WEPP into KINEROS2 − Improve parameterization based on vegetation characteristics and disturbance − Utilization of Ecological Site Descriptions and monitoring data − Incorporate range management tools (fencing, water, etc.) Interface for reservoirs / detention structures in SWAT and KINEROS Climate change modification tool Dynamic geomorphic model - erosion / deposition in channels Sub-discretization based on land-cover, soils, and topography Develop and validate parameterization methods for different agriculture and natural resource activities. New Capabilities - Future Directions

20. Worldwide Interest Google Analytics 745 Registered Users since AGWA Version 2.0 release (Nov. 2007) 6 Continents, 110 Countries,

21. AGWA Web Page: documentation, software, and publications - http://www.tucson.ars.ag.gov/agwa// - http://www.epa.gov/nerlesd1/land-sci/agwa/ - Using Google: agwa ars Versions - Arcview 3.x - ARCGIS 9.0,1,2 - DotAGWA 1.x - Below MS-XP AGWA Information

22. Questions?