1. Joints of the Skeletal System
Chapter 8
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2. Chapter 8 Joints of the Skeletal System
Joints/Articulations
Junctions between bones
Ligaments connect bone to bone
Functions
Bind parts of skeletal system together
Enable body to move in response to skeletal muscle contraction
Make bone growth possible
Permit parts of the skeleton to change shape during childbirth
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3. Classification of Joints
Joint Composition Classification
Fibrous Joints
dense connective tissues connect bones
between bones in close contact
Movement Classification
synarthrotic
immovable
amphiarthrotic
slightly movable
diarthrotic
freely movable
Cartilaginous Joints
hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage connect bones
Synovial Joints
most complex
Contains synovial fluid
allow free movement
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4. Fibrous Joints 3 Types Syndesmosis Suture Gomphosis Syndesmosis
long fibers connect bones
amphiarthrotic
distal ends of tibia and fibula
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5. Fibrous Joints Suture between flat bones synarthrotic
thin layer of connective tissue connects bones
Gomphosis
cone-shaped bony process in a socket
tooth in jawbone
synarthrotic
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6. Cartilaginous Joints 2 Types Synchondrosis Symphysis Synchondrosis
bands of hyaline cartilage unite bones
between manubrium and first rib
amphiarthrotic
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7. Cartilaginous Joints Symphysis pad of fibrocartilage between bones
pubis symphysis
joint between bodies of vertebrae
amphiarthrotic
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8. Synovial Joints diarthrotic joint capsule joint cavity synovial fluid
lubrication
synovial membrane
bursae
fluid filled sac
Cushions/aids movement of tendons over things
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9. Types of Synovial Joints
Condyloid Joint
moves up/down & left/right
between metacarpals and phalanges
Ball-and-Socket Joint
moves in all directions
hip
shoulder
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10. Types of Synovial Joints
Gliding Joint
sliding or twisting
between carpals
between tarsals
Hinge Joint
flex/extend
elbow
between phalanges
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11. Types of Synovial Joints
Pivot Joint
rotation
between proximal ends of radius and ulna
atlas and axis
Saddle Joint
back/forth, side/side
between carpal and metacarpal of thumb
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12. Types of Joint Movements
abduction/adduction
dorsiflexion/plantarflexion
flexion/extension/hyperextension
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13. Types of Joint Movements
rotation/circumduction
supination/pronation
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14. Types of Joint Movements
eversion/inversion
protraction/retraction
elevation/depression
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15. Shoulder Joint ball-and-socket head of humerus
glenoid cavity of scapula
loose joint capsule
bursae
ligaments prevent displacement
very wide range of movement
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16. Shoulder Joint
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17. Elbow Joint hinge joint gliding joint pivot joint
trochlea of humerus
trochlear notch of ulna
gliding joint
capitulum of humerus
head of radius
pivot joint
radius, ulna
flexion and extension, rotation
many reinforcing ligaments
stable joint
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18. Elbow Joint
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19. Hip Joint ball-and-socket joint head of femur acetabulum
heavy joint capsule
many reinforcing ligaments
less freedom of movement than shoulder joint
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20. Hip Joint
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21. Knee Joint largest joint most complex modified hinge joint
menisci separate femur and tibia
medial and lateral condyles of distal end of femur
medial and lateral condyles of proximal end of tibia
femur articulates anteriorly with patella
flexion/extension/little rotation
strengthened by many ligaments and tendons
bursae
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22. Knee Joint
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23. Life-Span Changes Joint stiffness is an early sign of aging
Regular exercise can prevent stiffness
Changes in symphysis joints of vertebral column diminish flexibility and decrease height
Synovial joints lose elasticity
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24. Sprains
damage to cartilage, ligaments, or tendons associated with joints
forceful twisting of joint

25. Bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
overuse of a joint

26. Arthritis inflamed, swollen, painful joints Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Gout

27. Dislocation bones are no longer in their normal position
joint capsule and ligaments tear
may be nerve damage