1. Wind and Wave Erosion

2. How is wind abrasive? It carries sand grains that grind and scour anything that they hit.

3. What is Loess and how does it form? It can be 1m to 100m deep. Made of mineral & rock particles. It is wind-carried sediment & when dropped, it will hold together so well that when it erodes, it splits off vertically to form cliff-like slopes. Main deposits of loess in the U.S. include Mississippi & Missouri river valleys.

4. What is a sand dune? Sand dunes - hills of sand deposited by wind. They form when the sand piles up against shrubs, boulders, or other substances.

5. How does a Sand Dune Migrate? When wind blows against the windward side (side facing into the wind) of a dune, some of the surface sand is carried over top & falls on the leeward side (side facing against the wind)

6. Types of Sand dunes 1. Barchans – crescent-shaped & the ends of a barchan point downwind.

7. Types of Sand dunes 2. Transverse – Where sand is more abundant, long continuous sand ridges form at right angles to the wind. Found on beaches.

8. Types of Sand dunes 3. Parabolic – (u-shaped) dunes often form around blowouts. Unlike barchans, the open ends of parabolic dunes face upwind. Found on beaches.

9. Types of Sand dunes 4. Longitudinal – Form in desert regions with lots of sand. These dunes are long, straight ridges that are parallel to the general wind direction.

10. Draw a wave and label its parts (Crest, Trough, Height)

11. How do swash and backwash work together? Swash - the motion of water up the beach. Backwash – the motion of water running back down the beach

12. What is a longshore current? How does it affect someone swimming at the beach? It runs parallel to shore. It moves people down the beach.

13. What is a rip current? Why is it dangerous? Strong surface currents that flow away from the beach. They can reach up to 5 km/hr. & carry you away from shore.

14. Describe the process of a sea cliff turning into a sea stack. (4 parts) 1. Sea cliff - waves cut out rock & make a notch

15. 2. Sea cave - notch will deepen & make a hole

16. 3. Sea arch – waves cut through walls of sea caves to make an arch

17. 4. Sea stacks – roof of sea arch falls into water

18. What is a sandbar? A sandbar is a bar of sand formed by ocean currents depositing sand near the shore underwater

19. What is a spit? A sandbar attached at one end to the shoreline.

20. What is a hook? A spit with a curved end

21. What is a barrier island? Barrier islands are sandbars not attached to land or the shoreline and are above water

22. What is a tombolo? A tombolo is a bar of sand that joins an island to the mainland.

23. What is a bay mouth bar? A bay mouth bar is a spit that completely closes access to a bay, thus sealing it off from the main body of water.