1. Physical Processes of South Asia

2. Countries of South Asia
Afghanistan
Nepal
Pakistan
Bhutan
Bangladesh
India
Sri Lanka

3. Mainland & Islands The Maldives and Sri Lanka are island nations.
India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh are located on the Asian continent with coastlines along the Indian ocean. India is a large peninsula (a piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides but is still connected to the mainland).
Bhutan and Nepal are landlocked nations between India and China
Long rivers, plains, hills, plateaus, and mountains are found on the mainland.

4. Population Density in South Asia
The region is one of the most populated areas on the planet.
Roughly one-quarter of the world lives in the region (1.3 Billion).
The average population density is 7 times the world average.
Center of Hindu Religious Concentration
Hundreds of languages & ethnic groups (socially defined category based on common culture or nationality):
Hindus, Muslims, Jaines, & Sikhs

5. Just a Big Mountain or Obstacle to Settlement?
Mt. Everest
Just a Big Mountain or Obstacle to Settlement?

6. The Himalayas
Mountain range that forms part of the northern border of the region
Contains the highest peak in the world
Contains lakes and glaciers
Height of the range affects climate and forms a barrier for the monsoon winds
Sacred peaks for both Hindu and Buddhist followers
Three major rivers:
Brahmaputra
Indus
Ganges

7. How Did The Himalayas Form?
4.The movement of the Indo-European plate into the Tibetan Plateu over the last 10 million years is the cause of current seismic activity.
2.The Tethys Ocean, which used to exist between the two plates, was closed off. The sedimentary rock from the ocean floor, instead of sinking, rose to create mountain ranges.
3.The Indo-European plate moves CONVERGENTLY into the Tibetan Plateau, adding height to the mountain ranges.
1.The Indo-Australian plate collided with the Eurasian plate

8. Climate
Variations in climate in the region are due in part to elevation
The monsoon creates a wet and dry season
Desert Climates dominate Pakistan and Afghanistan

9. Agriculture Most people in the region are involved in agriculture.
The region has a large amount of arable lands
80% of South Asia’s poor live in rural areas.
Agricultural and rural development is key to reducing poverty and creating conditions for sustainable growth.

10. Issues of Sustainable Development
Sustainable Development- the use of resources aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment both in the present and for long-term planning.
Water and air pollution are common problems for India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Nepal.
Soil erosion and overpopulation straining natural resources affect India and Bangladesh.

11. Summarize Your Notes! Why are mountains an obstacle to settlement?
How can the land and climate affect industry in South Asia?