2. Unit 7 Human Body Systems 5 Functions of the Skeletal System. Gives shape and support to the body Protects the internal organs Provides an attatchment point for muscles Formation of red blood cells in the bone marrow Calcium and phosphorus are stored here

3. Periosteum- tough, tight fitting membrane that contains blood vessels that carry nutrients to the bone. Spongy bone- contains open spaces that make the bone light weight. Marrow- a fatty tissue that produces red and white blood cells Cartilage- a thick, smooth rubbery layer of tissue that reduces friction between bones Ligament- tough, elastic connective tissue (rubber band rope) that joins bone to bone (ACL tear) Tendon- connective tissue that that joins muscle to bone Joints- places where two bones come together

4. 1. Ball and socket joint (EX: Shoulder and hip)

5. 2. Hinge joint (EX: elbow and knee)

6. 3. Gliding joint (EX: Wrist, vertebrae & neck)

7. 4. Pivot joint (EX: forearm)

8. 5. Suture Joint (EX: Skull)

9. 1 st 2 nd 3 rd Class lever Class Lever Class Lever Neck Balls of foot Elbow See saw Easy Hard

10. Muscles Muscles are organs that contract to perform a task, such as moving body parts. 1.Voluntary Skeletal Muscles (striated)- those that can be consciously controlled and are attached to the skeleton Ex: arm muscles

11. 2. Involuntary Smooth Muscles cannot usually be controlled; found in skin irises & the digestive tract

12. 3. Cardiac Muscles- heart muscle which is in like other muscles in that it generates it own electrical

13. Skin Epidermis- Surface layer of skin made of dead cells Dermis- livings skin layer; contains blood vessels and nerve endings Melanin- pigment that gives skin its color protects us from ultraviolet radiation

14. Circulatory System Arteries- thick elastic walled blood vessels (tubes) that move oxygen- rich blood away from the heart through the body Veins- flat blood vessels with one way valves that moves carbon dioxide- rich blood back to the heart Capillaries- microscopic blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, oxygen, nutrients, and wastes; veins, oxygen, nutrients are exchanged through capillary walls

15. Plasma- the liquid part of blood; made mostly of water but also containing nutrients, minerals & oxygen; 90% of blood is made from plasma. Platelet- irregularly shaped cell fragment that forms clots (scabs) when chemicals in torn or cut skin combine with blood. Platelets stick together to form tiny threads of fibrin which clog the wound. Side view- skin; close up

16. Skin torn Chemical in skin released Platelets from the threads of fibrin which clots the wound, stopping blood loss Your skin, hair and nails make up the Integumentery System. The Lymphatic System Generally speaking, it is responsible for re-absorbing liquids from your body’s tissues (lymphatic fluids.) These liquids are collected into lymph vessels. Skeletal muscles squeeze fluid through these tubes. Lymph nodes in your neck remove pathogens and dead cells, as many white blood cells, are found there. Purified lymphatic fluid

17. then drains into your neck veins. The thymus just above the heart releases white blood cells. The spleen, located in the upper let abdomen, is the “oid fitter” for dead red blood cells. The tonsils are located at the back of the nasal (avity, and help fight infection. Hemoglobin- protein that allows red blood cells to carry oxygen.