1. Vegetable Crops – PLSC 451/551 Lesson 8, Worldwide Production Systems Instructor: Stephen L. Love Aberdeen R & E Center 1693 S 2700W Aberdeen, ID 83210 Phone: 397-4181 Fax: 397-4311 Email: slove@uidaho.edu

3. Production System Categories Modern Intensive Production Common to developed countries Market Garden/Organic Production Common to the US and Europe Contemporary Subsistence Production Common to 3 rd world countries

4. Modern Intensive Production Objective: Produce vegetable crops for sale and profit

5. Modern Intensive Production Located in developed, politically stable countries

6. Modern Intensive Production Percent corruption – related to stability and amount of intensive agriculture

7. Modern Intensive Production Located where production and market conditions are optimized.

8. Modern Intensive Production Farms centered in rural locales

9. Modern Intensive Production Requires large, contiguous acreage

10. Modern Intensive Production Managed as a rotational monoculture

11. Modern Intensive Production Low species density (plantains)

12. Modern Intensive Production Producers specialize in one or a few crops

13. Modern Intensive Production Cropping practices – Aimed at production efficiency and profitability (scale)

14. Modern Intensive Production Cropping practices – Highly mechanized (soil prep, planting, cultivation, harvesting, handling)

15. Modern Intensive Production Cropping practices – Minimal hired labor

16. Modern Intensive Production Cropping practices – Employ modern technology and research- based methods

17. Modern Intensive Production Cropping practices – Incorporates the routine use of fertilizers and pesticides

18. Modern Intensive Production Cropping practices – Harvest is short-term and scheduled to maximize yield and quality

19. Modern Intensive Production Cropping practices – Short and long-term storage common

20. Modern Intensive Production Heavily dependent on long- distance tranport

21. Modern Intensive Production Usually mass- marketed through a single wholesale buyer

22. Market Garden/Organic Production Objective: Produce vegetable crops for profit, supplement personal diet

23. Market Garden/Organic Production Located throughout the world (dedicated organic production is associated with developed countries)

24. Commonly in suburban locales with easy access to urban markets Market Garden/Organic Production

25. Requires small to moderate amounts of non- contiguous acreage Market Garden/Organic Production

26. Cropping practices – Aimed at meeting market preferences Market Garden/Organic Production

27. Production is small-scale monoculture or limited companion planting Market Garden/Organic Production

28. Species density is moderate Species choice is market- driven Market Garden/Organic Production

29. Management is not crop specific Minimal crop-based efficiency Market Garden/Organic Production

30. Cropping practices – Moderately mechanized – soil prep, planting Market Garden/Organic Production

31. Cropping practices – Moderate to high labor requirements Market Garden/Organic Production

32. Cropping practices – Utilizes traditional (sustainable) methods Market Garden/Organic Production

33. Cropping practices – Technology levels range from very low to high Market Garden/Organic Production

34. Cropping practices – Organic production involves use of approved fertilizer and pesticide products Market Garden/Organic Production

35. Cropping practices – Harvest timing is market driven and continuous over a set season Market Garden/Organic Production

36. Cropping practices – Typically involve only short-term, small-scale storage Market Garden/Organic Production

37. Transportation needed only for market delivery Market Garden/Organic Production

38. Produce marketed through many retail and wholesale channels Market Garden/Organic Production

39. Subsistence Production Objective: Produce vegetables for personal and family consumption

40. Subsistence Production Primarily adopted in developing and 3 rd world countries

41. Subsistence agriculture is related to poverty levels Subsistence Production

42. Countries high in subsistence agriculture have high rates of hunger and starvation Subsistence Production

43. Family farm in Peru Subsistence Production

44. Dacha in Russia Subsistence Production

45. Family farm in Africa Subsistence Production

46. Located wherever people live – urban and rural Subsistence Production

47. Utilizes land resources available regardless of size, shape, suitability Subsistence Production

48. Production of mixed crops, relay planting, companion crops and often includes animals Subsistence Production

49. Very high species density Subsistence Production

50. Methods not specialized by crop – usually suboptimal for all crops Subsistence Production

51. Cropping practices – Aimed at providing a continuous supply of food Subsistence Production

52. Cropping practices – Vertical farming methods employed where land is scarce Subsistence Production

53. Cropping practices – High labor requirements, provided by family, including children Subsistence Production

54. Cropping practices – Little or no advanced technology employed – sometimes animal power Subsistence Production

55. Cropping practices – Fertility provided by recycled animal waste Subsistence Production

56. Cropping practices – Pesticides used only if available and/or affordable Subsistence Production

57. Cropping practices – Harvest is continuous where the growing season allows Subsistence Production

58. Cropping practices – Limited storage capability – ambient conditions (yam storage) Subsistence Production

59. Cropping practices – Primitive preservation methods used (making chuno) Subsistence Production

60. Cropping practices – Primitive preservation methods used (cassava flour for bread) Subsistence Production

61. Transportation limited – manually powered and public transportation sometimes used Subsistence Production

62. Production Objectives: Modern Intensive Market GardenSubsistence Efficiency/Profit Profit/Consistent Meet marketfood supply demand Additional Production Comparisons

63. Regional Economic Impact: Modern Intensive Market GardenSubsistence Very high Moderate to highLow Additional Production Comparisons

64. Reasons for Crop Choice: Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence Cultural preference/ Local market Dependability/ Market quality demand/ Tradition Ethnic opportunity Additional Production Comparisons

65. Input Costs: Modern Intensive Market GardenSubsistence Very high HighLow Additional Production Comparisons

66. Required Financial Assistance: Modern Intensive Market Garden Subsistence Long-term credit Credit Little or none Additional Production Comparisons

67. Labor Characteristics: Modern Intensive Market GardenSubsistence Full-time/ Family/Family/ Transient Part-timeNeighbors Additional Production Comparisons

68. Labor associated with agricultural development Subsistence Production

69. Labor Skills Required: Modern Intensive Market GardenSubsistence Agronomy/ HorticultureGardening Agri-business/ Marketing Additional Production Comparisons

70. Space Utilization: Modern Intensive Market GardenSubsistence Continuous/ Sporadic/Continuous/ Intense/ Horizontal/Horizontal/ Horizontal VerticalVertical Additional Production Comparisons