1. Andrew Monteith Division of Technical Support Department of Safeguards
IAEA Standards and Procedures for the Authorization of Safeguards Instruments
Andrew Monteith Division of Technical Support Department of Safeguards
Introduction
Thanks to organizers for offering the opportunity to present at AAP2007

2. Outline Overview of IAEA activities
Examples of safeguards equipment in use
Development cycle for SG equipment
Conclusions
The talk will serve as an introduction to the Agency’s equipment in use and development cycle.
Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

3. IAEA Safeguards Objectives
Safeguards are applied by the IAEA to verify the correctness and completeness of declarations made by States about the exclusively peaceful use of their nuclear material and activities and thereby reducing the risk of proliferation of nuclear weapons.
Refer you to Dr Bowyer talk last year on Agency Safeguards for a more in depth approach to the subject as well as the Agency website.
Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

4. Safeguards Implementation
~ 900 facilities in 71 countries
~ 2,100 inspections/year
~ 250 Safeguards Inspectors
Limited funding ~ €110M regular budget
Improving implementation through
Additional Protocol
Integrated Safeguards (IS) Approach
144 Member States in total
2,300 Professional and Support Staff in total
Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

5. IAEA SG Techniques / Equipment in use
Wide variety of safeguards equipment/techniques such as:
Non Destructive Assay (NDA)
Containment and Surveillance (C/S)
Containment verification
Seals
Cameras
Destructive Analysis (DA)
Environmental Sampling (ES)
Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

6. Non Destructive Assay (NDA)
~100 different types of NDA equipment :
Quantitative and qualitative verification of Plutonium and Uranium in nuclear materials
Gamma and neutron radiation detection
Other physical property measurements (e.g. weight, volume, light, sound, heat)
Attended and unattended mode
Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

7. Containment and Surveillance (C/S)
Seals
Adhesive - Short term use only (up to a few hours)–Inexpensive-Easy to use per year
Metal - Most popular Seal –Simple-Small-Inexpensive- Withstands very harsh environments. But must be verified at HQ, per year
COBRA – 64 fibres, randomly severed
AECL Random Coil – Single use ultrasonic
Variable Code Sealing System – battery powered, in-situ, remote monitoring, 1500
TRFS – Battery powered radio frequency seal, 100 in use
Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

8. Containment and Surveillance (C/S)
ALIS - single camera applications where the cameras are located in easy to access positions
ALIP - Portable, battery-powered single camera
SDIS - For RM and UM applications in complex facilities requiring multiple (up to 6) cameras
DMOS - For RM and UM applications in complex facilities requiring multiple (up to 16) cameras
~ 1,000 cameras in use
Radiation tolerant
Based on DCM-14 digital camera module
includes transmission and storage of authenticated and encrypted digital images
NGSS - TCP/IP networking over Ethernet, high res and full colour, Scalable removable storage media, up to 1 image per second.
Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

9. Unattended Monitoring
Primary Advantages
More effective safeguards through continuous monitoring
Reduced inspection efforts /
Reduced level of intrusiveness in the operation of nuclear facilities.
Reduced radiation exposure
Primarily measure Radiation but also temperature, flow, vibration and EM field.
Need UPS, encrypted transmission, self reporting, must be flexible, modular and highly reliable
Systems tested over 90 days at SG Equip Sup Facility.
ATPM - Advanced Thermo-hydraulic Power Monitoring used to monitor power output of research reactor. Can verify that output consistent with the operator declared power level.
This system monitors the temperature and water flow in the reactor’s primary cooling loop.
Because research reactors can modify their core layout and in turn the associated radiation level, this system provides a verification method that is independent of radiation signature. All sensors are installed as duplicate independent sensors (both temperature and flow), whose signals are then independently collected in the main cabinet where they are compared.
REPM - Reactor Power Monitor, neutron monitoring system placed outside biological shield.
Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

10. DA & ES Elemental Analysis Isotopic Analysis
Bulk or trace samples analyzed at SAL or one of the NWAL
Elemental Analysis
Titration
K-edge X-ray densitometry
Isotopic dilution mass spectrometry
Wavelength dispersive XRF spectrometry
Isotopic Analysis
TIMS
Hi Res -ray spectrometry
Alpha spectrometry
New Brunswick Laboratory Davies and Gray titration (U content in gram size samples)
MacDonald and Savage titration (Pu content)
K edge dens. (U, Th and Pu materials and to mixed U–Th or U–Pu samples)
XRF concentrations of Th, U, Np, Pu and Am can be determined simultaneously
TIMS - employing 3 multidetector MS, each equipped with 9 Faraday cups, (U or Pu)
Alpha - parallel with idms for 238Pu abundance or for measurement of Pu in spent fuel & 237Np, 241Am and 244Cm
Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

11. Development Implementation Cycle
3 Stages of Development
Stage 1 – Category C, Under Development
Stage 2 – Category B, Under Evaluation
Stage 3 – Category A, Authorized for Inspection Use
The entire cycle can last from years depending on the equipment.
Anti neutrino detection currently sits below Cat C, ‘pre-C’ if you will.
The question you would like answered is how can we persuade the Agency that anti neutrino detection is a ‘good thing’.
Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

12. Development Cycle R&D awarded to appropriate MSSP
Need
Solutions Sought
Proposals Reviewed
R&D Awarded
R&D awarded to appropriate MSSP
Solutions are sought from MSSP
Proposals are reviewed
All instrumentation arises from a defined need generated by inspectors or others within the SG Department
MSSP are a mechanism by which States can provided support in kind to the Agency (usually through the provision of R&D or personnel).
The tasks do not have to be single State. There are a number of JNT tasks on the books at present.
There has to be a need expressed
There has to be support from your own State
There has to be a budget available
MSSP Countries – ARG, AUL, BEL, BRZ, CAN, CHI, CZ, EC, FIN, FRA, GER, HUN, JPN, NET, ROK, RSA, RUS, SWE, UK, USA.
Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007

13. Roadmap Things that the Agency can do Things that our MSSPs can do
Seek out need and prioritize
Issue ‘SP-1’ to MSSP
Things that our MSSPs can do
Present a clear vision of what antineutrino detection can offer the Agency
Decide on individual state or joint approach from a technical standpoint
Seek out possible sources of funding and resources (lab + field testing, facilities, export assistance etc.)
Workshop on Applied Antineutrino Physics 2007, December 13-14, 2007