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5.1 Special Health Concerns
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When sick or recovering from illness or injury: Get plenty of fluids If have poor appetite, fix small, frequent meals
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Food intolerance - Body has trouble digesting or handling a component of food Lactose intolerance – inability to adequately digest lactose, which is the natural sugar found in milk and milk products Symptoms: nausea, stomach pain, gas, diarrhea Drink lactose-free products Consume small servings of dairy at a time Eat milk products with less lactose like hard cheeses and yogurt Take a supplement that will help your body digest lactose
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Food allergy – sensitivity to food that involves the body’s immune system Body thinks of the food as an illness to fight Rash, itching, stomach cramps, breathing problems, headache, nausea, vomiting Can be life-threatening Common foods: milk, eggs, wheat, peanuts, soy, tree nuts, fish, shellfish If have food allergy must avoid the foods that cause it
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Diabetes – body cannot control levels of sugar in the blood properly Two types: Body doesn’t produce enough insulin Body doesn’t use the insulin that is produced normally Managing diabetes: Eat regular meals and snacks Make careful food choices Be physically active May need medicine or insulin injections
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Diabetes develops: As a child, which will have to deal with for the duration of their life As get older, being overweight can cause diabetes Must control sugar levels Sugar or glucose is found in sugary items and items with carbohydrates such as pasta’s!
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Modified diet – special eating plan that helps to keep a medical condition under control May limit certain foods or choose foods for their nutrients or for texture Examples: Low-sodium diet to help lower high blood pressure Soft food diet for someone having difficulty chewing
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For more vitamins – add more vegetables to casseroles, pasta dishes Example: add shredded carrots and zucchini to mashed potatoes For more calcium – add dry milk to dishes such as mashed potatoes, meat loaf Add grated cheese to dishes
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For less fat Use reduced or low fat ingredients Use smaller amounts of high-fat ingredients such as butter Skim fat from soups, gravies Substitute evaporated fat-free milk for cream Use plain yogurt or light or nonfat sour cream Use fat free or low fat milks instead of whole milks Use extra lean meats Use 2 eggs whites instead of 1 whole egg Use 3 T. cocoa powder plus 1 T. oil instead of 1 oz. baking chocolate
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For more fiber Use whole-grain pastas and brown rice Add dry beans to soups Mix bran into casseroles For less added sugar Use vanilla, cinnamon, spices to bring out the natural sweetness of many foods for less sodium Cut down on salt in recipes by using herbs and spices to enhance flavors Use low-sodium versions of ingredients such as broth, soy sauce, canned foods
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5.2 Eating Disorders
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Anorexia Nervosa Bulimia Nervosa Obesity
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Refuse to maintain appropriate body weight Fear of fat Disturbance in body perception Amenorrhea (no period, in females, for more than 3 months)
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Recurrent binge eating Recurrent compensatory (getting rid of) behavior such as fasting, vomiting, exercise Binging/purging must occur 2X a week for 3 months Self evaluation based on weight/shape 2 sub-types of bulimia
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2 types of bulimia Non-purging bulimia Fasting, excessive exercise, other drugs Binge eating Rapid eating, not hungry but still eat, eat alone, depressed Distressed by binging Binge occurs 2X a week for 6 months No compensatory behaviors
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Obesity Excessive body fat More than 30% overweight
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Muscle weakness Osteoporosis Heart failure Difficulty regulating body temperature Lanugo – growth of fuzz Skin becomes dry and flaky because dehydrated Erosion of tooth enamel
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High blood pressure Heart disease Arthritis Diabetes Stroke Stress on bones
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Fat Problem, but there’s a solution Personality and value judgments Fear Insult Food Enjoyment control
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Thin Jealousy Too thin = abnormal Success Control Fit Success Control
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Anorexia “perfect”, loyal, stable, conflict free, nurturing Bulimia Open conflict, chaotic, lacks nurturance
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1 male for every 10 females suffer from an eating disorder 5-10% of cases of anorexia nervosa 10-15% of cases of bulimia nervosa It is increasing!!! Sports related
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Less frequent, but increasing Girls = aesthetic (beauty) Boys = health Failure to grow/weight loss Conscientious, perfectionism, depression Prognosis = 2/3 recover
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