1. Chapter 8 Notes
Socials 9 – Ms. LaFrance

2. Explorers
The Vikings were the first Europeans to travel to North America in approx 1000CE
Christopher Columbus lands in North America in 1492
Many European Explorers hoped to find a North West Passage to Asia
The French land in E. Canada and establish trade with First Nations People around the St. Lawrence River
French get wealth from furs and fish in North America

3. Explorers: Cabot John Cabot
Sailed in 1497 and landed in “New Found Land” – for England
Fish was very popular in Europe because of Catholic Religion
Cabot inspired many others to sail to North American coast for fish

4. Explorers: Cartier Jacques Cartier
Sailed up the St. Lawrence and claimed land for France
Not able to colonize the land
Furs from St. Lawrence inspired others to travel to North America

5. French Interest in North America
French limit activities in N.A. to trading for furs and shore parties fishing for cod
Europeans traded goods such as knives, hatchets, pots and beads for animal pelts.
Europeans and Native people happy with arrangement

6. Explorers: English and Dutch
English travelling north looking for Northwest passage – They claim the land around Hudson’s Bay and in the arctic circle
Dutch colonies did not last long – taken over by the English

7. Explorers: Champlain
Samuel de Champlain and Sieur De Monts
De Monts given a trading monopoly by the King of France – must also crate a colony
Champlain was made De Monts’ assistant in 1604
1605 “Port Royale” established in Nova Scotia
It was unsuccessful – poor fur trade. Colony was abandoned in 1607, but some people stayed on – would eventually become the “Acadians”

8. Explorers: Champlain (pt 2)
1608 Champlain goes to Quebec City
Good location because it is a natural fort – high cliffs = hard to attack
Champlain establishes a fort and makes alliances with the natives
Algonquians and Montagnais
Champlain helps the A & M fight the Iroquois
Champlain forms an alliance with the Huron
Makes the Algonquians and Montagnais nervous because the Huron are wealthy/powerful

9. Explorers: Champlain (pt 3)
Beaver pelt hats become high fashion in Europe – lots of money to be made in fur trade!
Quebec fort at risk b/c France and the trading companies not focused on establishing a colony.
Native peoples become annoyed with French after missionaries try to convert them to Christianity
Montagnias & Algonkian turn on the French because of their Huron alliance.
Champlain sets up many posts on the St. Lawrence for the Company of 100 Associates.

10. Beaver Pelt Hats

11. Settlement and Colonization
Colonize: to settle and control new lands
Imperialism: the policy of extending control of a region or regions by one nation. Usually involves both economic and political control

12. Rules of Colonization: do you have a flag?xg

13. Settlement and Colonization
Dutch and English colonize Atlantic coast of North America
Threatens French control over furs/resources
13 Colonies (English) growing rapidly
Company of 100 Associates required to bring in settlers!
They are not into settling – focused on fur trade, eventually loose their monopoly (1660) and go bankrupt

14. Settlement and Colonization
Missionaries
Jesuits were partners of the Company of 100 Associates
Their goal was to convert Native peoples to Christianity
Previous missionaries failed, but Jesuits successful because they adapted to native cultures.

15. Settlement and Colonization
Coureur de Bois
Independent traders
Travelled into the continent for furs and the Northwest Passage!
Two coureur de bois, Pierre Radisson and Medart de Groseilliers, discovered many furs around Hudson’s bay
France was not interested, so they went to the English
English establish the Hudson’s Bay Company and claim land surrounding the bay – they become New France’s greatest enemy!

16. Activity
Mind Map!

17. The Royal Province of New France
1636 – Few French live in New France
Iroquois take fur trade from the Hurons and set higher prices so French making less profits from trade
1661 – New France gets help!
King Louis XIV and Jan Baptiste Colbert want New France to be profitable
Mercantilism: Need New France to be a part of France’s Empire
Read pg 237 for more info on Mercantilism and Colonialism)
Raw materials from New France shipped to France where they become finished products. France sells these products to other European countries for profits

18. Government in New France
New France became a French province in 1663.
Louis XIV appointed a sovereign council to carry out orders from France in the new province. (France was an Absolute Monarchy at this time)
Communication between New France and France was limited by travel time
Therefore the Council had much more direct influence than the King in New France
This system of government was efficient and inexpensive to run
The Royal Government remained in place until 1763 when the British replaced it with their own form of government

19. Absolute power and authority Appoints the advisors
King of France
Absolute power and authority
Appoints the advisors
Advisors in the French Government
Had influence over the king, but he didn't always listen
Passed on the king's decisions to the government in New France
Appoints Sovereign Council
Soverign Council/Superior Council
Intendant, Governor General and Bishop were senior members of the council
made and enforced laws based on what the king of France wanted
came from France and were trained to carry out the wishes of the King of France
very few men who were born in New France were appointed to the Sovereign Council
5 Councillors, Clerk, and Attorney General (legal matters)
The People of New France
Majority of the people of New France never questioned government decisions; dispite this, people influenced government since French government was far away
Women in New France were not involved in government

20. The Bishop Job Description: François de Laval Responsibilities:
Represented the Catholic church in New France
( )
Jesuit priest
Ruled over parish priests and nuns of New France in the king’s name
Arrives in NF in 1659
Appointed bishop on 1674
Major concern was converting Native people to Christianity
Member of the French nobility and appointed by the king
Strong political influence
Organized the parish system of New France
Responsibilities:
In charge of missionaries, churches, hospitals and schools
Founded a seminary (school for training priests) at Quebec which becomes Laval University in 1852
Reported to the king on colonial activities and ensured harmony among his parishes
Fought against using alcohol in the fur trade

21. Intendant Job Description: Responsibilities Jean Talon
First Intendant of New France, from
Appointed from the nobility
Conducted a census of the population
Acted as master of New France in the king’s Name
Tried to change the colony from fur trade based, to agricultural and industrial based
Responsibilities
His goal could not be met without larger population
Informed the king of colonial activities and ensured harmony among the colonists
Arranged for more settlers to come from France
Supervised the day-today running of the colony, law and order, and matters relating to finance (money)
Brought over 1000 women, the filles du roi
Gave marriage grants and baby bonuses to encourage population growth
Jean Talon
Introduced new crops, started a shipyard and lumber industry and encouraged mining
( )

22. Governor General Job Description: Comte de Frontenac Responsibilities:
Represented the king; Figurehead
( )
The first Governor of New France
Highest ranking official in New France
Disagreed with the bishop and Intendant and was therefore called back to France in 1682
Appointed by the nobility in France
Military officer
Returns to NF in 1689 and aided in suppressing Iroquois attacks, attacking English settlements, and expanding France’s fur trade
Responsibilities:
Military planning
Relations with Native Peoples
Ensured other officials did their jobs
Major concern was expansion of New France’s territory

23. Life in New France Seignurial System – similar to feudal manors
Filles du roi – women sent to New France to find husbands

24. Life in New France Seignures: lords who owned land
Habitants: peasant farmers – paid for access to land
Seignurers and Habitants both become prosperous because they could work part time in the fur trade
Seignuries (the land) were located along the St. Lawrence river – laid out in strips
Seignurer had to build structures (mills, manor house, etc.), attract settlers, defend the land, and settle disputes.
Habitant had to pay rent, provide service, keep land productive, grind grain into flour, and serve in the militia army

25. New France
Towns in New France: Quebec, Montreal, Tois Rivieres, and Tadoussac.
Had more to offer then other settlements (schools, hospitals, industries, etc.)

26. Women in New France Not very many! Most women who came were Nuns
Women had few legal rights
Often worked in the family business

27. Mind Map Time!
Please continue working on your mind map activity 