1. Using Alcohol & Other Drugs Health Psychology PSCY 4080 Amber M. Henslee, M.S.

2. Prevalence Binge = five+ drinks on the same _______ at least once per month Binge = five+ drinks on the same _______ at least once per month 20.6%20.6% Heavy = more than 14 drinks/week for men (or 7+ for women) Heavy = more than 14 drinks/week for men (or 7+ for women) 5.6%5.6%

3. Prevalence Weschler et al. @ Harvard College Alcohol Study – 1993, ’97, ‘99 Weschler et al. @ Harvard College Alcohol Study – 1993, ’97, ‘99 Gender specific definition for binge drinkingGender specific definition for binge drinking The ____ measureThe ____ measure

4. College Alcohol Study (1999) Frequent bingers = 23% (slight rise from 20%) Frequent bingers = 23% (slight rise from 20%) 3+ binges in past 2 weeks3+ binges in past 2 weeks Occasional bingers = 21% Occasional bingers = 21% 1-2 binges in past 2 weeks1-2 binges in past 2 weeks Nonbingers=37% & Abstainers=19% Nonbingers=37% & Abstainers=19%

5. Class Participation AUDIT = ___________________ AUDIT = ___________________ Not a diagnostic toolNot a diagnostic tool Only a screening measureOnly a screening measure Drug History Survey Drug History Survey

6. Effects of Alcohol & Drugs Tolerance - w/ continued use more is needed to produce the same effect Tolerance - w/ continued use more is needed to produce the same effect Withdrawal - physiological reaction to __________ use Withdrawal - physiological reaction to __________ use Dependence – a physiological necessity for functioning Dependence – a physiological necessity for functioning

7. More on Tolerance Longtime heroin users, for instance, have been observed to require ten thousand times the dose they injected when they began their habit. Their brains adapt to heroin to such an extent that they inject themselves with quantities of this narcotic that could kill a person not tolerant to heroin. Longtime heroin users, for instance, have been observed to require ten thousand times the dose they injected when they began their habit. Their brains adapt to heroin to such an extent that they inject themselves with quantities of this narcotic that could kill a person not tolerant to heroin.

8. Abuse A _________ pattern of substance use manifested by recurrent and significant adverse consequences related to the repeated use of the substance. A _________ pattern of substance use manifested by recurrent and significant adverse consequences related to the repeated use of the substance.

9. Abuse There may be failure to fulfill major role obligations, repeated use in situations in which it is physically hazardous, multiple legal problems, and recurrent social and interpersonal problems. There may be failure to fulfill major role obligations, repeated use in situations in which it is physically hazardous, multiple legal problems, and recurrent social and interpersonal problems.

10. Dependence A cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues use of the substance despite ________ substance-related problems. A cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues use of the substance despite ________ substance-related problems.

11. Dependence There is a pattern of repeated ____________ that usually results in tolerance, withdrawal, and compulsive drug taking. There is a pattern of repeated ____________ that usually results in tolerance, withdrawal, and compulsive drug taking.

12. Hazards Direct Direct PhysicalPhysical MentalMental PregnancyPregnancy Indirect Indirect Unintentional injury MVAs Aggressive bx ___________

13. Second-Hand Effects of Alcohol Wechsler and Dowdall (1998) Wechsler and Dowdall (1998) Having study time or sleep interrupted - 60.6%Having study time or sleep interrupted - 60.6% Having to take care of a drunken student - 50.2%Having to take care of a drunken student - 50.2% Being insulted or humiliated - 28.6%Being insulted or humiliated - 28.6%

14. Benefits of Alcohol Use For LIGHT –MODERATE drinkers For LIGHT –MODERATE drinkers Lower risk of heart disease Lower risk of heart disease Strokes? Strokes? Less risk of ischemic strokeLess risk of ischemic stroke Restriction of blood supply Restriction of blood supply More risk of ___________ strokeMore risk of ___________ stroke Rupture of blood vessel Rupture of blood vessel