1. By: Nathaniel Patterson
Shoulder Injuries
Clavicle
By: Nathaniel Patterson

2. Anatomy Of the Shoulder
There are Three Main Bones in the Shoulder
The Clavicle
The Scapula
Humoreus

3. The Clavicle
The clavicle is an S-shaped bone that attaches the trunk to the upper extremity (the only bone to do so through bony articulations).

6. The Scapula The Scapula (Shoulder Blade)
The Scapula forms the posterior part of the shoulder girdle.

8. The Humerus
The Humerus is the bone that connects to the lower arm, and to the shoulder.

9. Muscles The Rotator Cuff
The rotator cuff is a set of four muscles that are responsible for the movement of the arm and gives the shoulder stability.

10. SUPRASPINATUS
Abducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

11. INFRASPINATUS
Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

12. SUBSCAPULARIS
Medially rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

13. TERES MINOR
laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

14. Deltoid and Teres Major
Abducts arm, anterior fibers flex and medial rotate, posterior fibers extend and lateral rotate
Teres Major
Medially rotates and adducts arm. Stabilizes shoulder joint

15. Deltoid

16. Teres Major

17. Ligaments
the acromioclavicular ligament is superior to the joint and links the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion.
the coracoclavicular ligament, a stronger ligament, does not attach to the acromion, but rather attaches the clavicle to the scapula at the coracoid process.
the conoid ligament lies medially. It spans from the conoid tubercle of the clavicle to the coracoid process.
the trapezoid ligament is the lateral portion of the ligament. It spans from the trapezoid line on the clavicle to the coracoid process.

18. Bursae
Bursae reduce friction in areas where tendons (or skin) slide across bones, ligaments or other tendons.

19. Dislocated Shoulder There are 2 types of dislocations
A partial dislocation (subluxation) means the head humerus is partially out of the socket (glenoid).
A complete dislocation means it's all the way out.

20. Both partial and complete dislocation cause pain and unsteadiness in your shoulder. Your muscles may have spasms from the disruption, and this can make it hurt more. When your shoulder dislocates time and again, you have shoulder instability

21. Signs and Symptoms swelling numbness weakness Bruising
Sometimes dislocation may tear ligaments or tendons in your shoulder. Once in awhile, the dislocation may damage your nerves.

22. Treatment
A Doctor or trained Professional will place the ball of the humerus back in the socket.

23. Rehab Immobilization A sling Ice
If it happens consistently the doctor might prescribe a brace, sometimes surgery is needed to correct the problem

24. Rotator cuff tear Are a common source of shoulder pain.
Damage increases with age.

25. Surgical and Non Surgical Options
Non-operative (conservative) treatment
Operative - Rotator cuff repair
Open
Mini-open
All-arthroscopic

26. Non-Operative Injections
Injecting medicines to help strengthen the area.
Activity modification (avoidance of activities that cause symptoms)

27. Advantages Disadvantages
Patient avoids surgery and its inherent risks:
Infection
Permanent stiffness
Anesthesia complications
Disadvantages
Strength does not improve
Tears may increase in size over time
Patient may need to decrease activity level

28. Operative The 3 Main Types
Open repair
Mini-open repair
All-arthroscopic repair
After rotator cuff repair, 80 percent to 95 percent of patients achieve a satisfactory result, defined as adequate pain relief, restoration or improvement of function, improvement in range of motion

29. Potential Complications
Nerve injury (1 percent to 2 percent)
Infection (1 percent):
Deltoid Detachment (less than 1 percent):
Stiffness (less than 1 percent):
Tendon re-tear (6 percent

30. Rehab.
Following rotator cuff surgery, therapy progresses in stages. Passive range of motion exercises are begun with a therapist; pendulum exercises may be taught as well. Progressive strengthening and range of motion exercises continue during the next 6 to 12 weeks. Most patients have a functional range of motion and adequate strength by 4 to 6 months after surgery.