1. Management Theories
Pioneering Ideas In
Management

2. Major Viewpoints in the development of modern management
Pre Classical Contributors
MANAGEMENT THEORIES
Classical Viewpoint
Scientific Management
Behavioral Viewpoint
Bureaucratic Management
Administrative Management
Early Behaviorists
Quantitative Viewpoint
Behavioral Science Approach
Human Relations Management
Hawthorne Studies
Operations Research
Contemporary Viewpoint
Operations Management
Management Information Science
System Theory
Contingencies Theory
Emerging Views
Major Viewpoints in the development of modern management

3. Pre-Classical Management Theories Pyramids and Walls Adam Smith (1776)
Industrial Revolution Prior to 1900s

4. Pre-Classical Management Theories Pyramids and Walls
500 to 5000years ago!

5. Management Theories Pre-Classical 2. Adam Smith (1776) Economist
Division of Labor!
Breakdown of jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks increased productivity e.g garment industry

6. Pre-Classical Management Theories 3. Industrial Revolution
substitution of machine power for human power
large organizations required formal management
Robert Owen ( )
Charles Babbage ( )
Henry R. Towne ( )

7. Pre-Classical Management Theories 3. Industrial Revolution
Robert Owen ( )
Entrepreneur (Scotland)
Advocated concern for the working and living conditions for the employee
Organizations would responsible socially uplifts

8. Pre-Classical Management Theories 3. Industrial Revolution
Charles Babbage ( )
Interest in operations of factories
Built 1st mechanical calculator, ideas on work (physical and mental) specialization, production efficiency, costing, incentives and profit – sharing plan.

9. Machine power VS Human power
Management Theories
Pre-Classical
Machine power VS Human power
Assessing the early contributions:
Uncoordinated efforts
Contributions tended to relate to specific problems
Did not see”Management” as a separate field or Skill
(until Towne)

10. Pre-Classical Management Theories 3. Industrial Revolution
Henry R. Towne ( )
President of a manufacturing organizatio
Called for “Management Science” and for development of “Principles of Management”.

11. Classical Management Theories Scientific Management
Bureaucratic Management
Administrative Management

12. Management Theories Classical Viewpoint Scientific Management
Bureaucratic Management
Administrative Management
This viewpoint emphasis on
finding ways to manage
Work and Organizations
more efficiently!

13. Management Theories Classical Viewpoint This viewpoint emphasis on finding ways to manage Work and Organizations more efficiently! Organization should be …….
Brand loyalty
Satisfy Client
Focus on low wastage
Social Values
Living systems
Like Legal, Economic, Technical, Environmental systems e.g proper drain of water in any factory…

14. Management Theories Classical Viewpoint 1. Scientific Management
F. W. Taylor, Frank & Lillion Gilbreth, H. Gantt
2. Bureaucratic Management
Max Weber
3. Administrative Management
Henry Fayol (France)

15. Management Theories Classical Viewpoint 1. Scientific Management
Frederick. W. Taylor ( )
Laborer to Chief Engineer (6 Year)
Principles o f Scientific Management Published (1911)
The use of scientific methods to define “one best way” for a job to be done! Or
An approach focusing on scientific study of work methods to improve worker’s efficiency

16. Management Theories Classical Viewpoint
Frederick Taylor four Principles of Scientific Management
Study of each part of a task scientifically, and develop a best method to perform it.
Carefully select workers and train them to perform a task using the scientifically developed method.
Cooperate fully with workers to ensure they use the proper method.
Divide work and responsibility so management is responsible for planning work method using scientific principles and workers are responsible for executing work accordingly.

17. Management Theories Classical Viewpoint 1. Scientific Management
Frank &Lillion Gilbreth
Use of motion pictures to study hand-and-body movements
Time and motion studies Human implications of Scientific Management
Focused on increasing worker productivity through the reduction of wasted motion
Developed the micro chronometer to time worker motions and optimize performance

18. Management Theories Classical Viewpoint 1. Scientific Management
Henry Gantt
Pay incentives
Gantt chart

19. Classical Viewpoint Management Theories 2. Bureaucratic Management
Max Weber (German Sociologist 1864 – 1920)
An approach emphasizing the need for organizations to operate in a rational manner rather than relying on owners and managers whims!