2. We begin at about 8,000 BCE when village life began in the New Stone Age... Also known as the Neolithic Revolution NEW STONE AGE

3. Hunter-Gatherers to Agriculture

4. Mesopotamia [Southwest Asia] (We think, but new evidence is proving contrary!! It may have been CHINA!) Around 8000 BCE Cereal crops Wheat Barley Herd animals Sheep Goats

5. Tools and weapons Social and political organization Homes Broad language groups appeared

6. To meet the needs of agricultural production: Pottery Baskets Wool and Linen Tools and Weapons

7. Required intensification of group organization Neolithic farmers lived in settlements Ranged from 150 (Jarmo) to 2000 (Jericho) in population

8. Neolithic communities WERE in contact Walls indicate some were more fearful Others were more peaceful, no walls Jericho

11. Settlement (Civilization) was NOT simply next inevitable step from Neolithic Age Many peoples remained at simple food-raising stage for thousands of years (Pastoralists) Only FIVE locations developed civilizations entirely on their own China Indus River Valley Mesopotamia Egypt Central America and Peru

13. Early River Valley Civilizations Flooding of Tigris and Euphrates unpredictable No natural barriers Limited natural resources for making tools or buildings Environment Mesopotamia Egypt Indus River Valley China Flooding of the Nile predictable Nile an easy transportation link between Egypt’s villages Deserts were natural barriers Indus flooding unpredictable Monsoon winds Mountains, deserts were natural barriers Huang He flooding unpredictable Mountains, deserts natural barriers Geographically isolated from other ancient civilizations Mountains and ocean natural barriers Warm temperatures and moderate rainfall Geographically isolated from other ancient civilizations Mesoamerica & Andes

14. Mesopotamia – Fertile Crescent

16. Nile River Sahara Desert Nile River ValleyNile River Valley HieroglyphicsHieroglyphics Engineering: PyramidsEngineering: Pyramids GeometryGeometry Advances in medicine and surgeryAdvances in medicine and surgery 1 st Monotheist Religion1 st Monotheist Religion

17. Indus River Valley 2500 BCE – 1500 BCE Harappan cultureHarappan culture Well planned citiesWell planned cities Grid patternGrid pattern Modern plumbingModern plumbing Built on mud brick platformsBuilt on mud brick platforms Protected against seasonal floodsProtected against seasonal floods Larger citiesLarger cities Houses built of baked brickHouses built of baked brick Smaller townsSmaller towns Houses built of sun-dried mud brickHouses built of sun-dried mud brick

18. Aryan Migration – Spread of Hinduism?  pastoral  depended on their cattle  warriors  horse-drawn chariots

19. Shang China 1600 BC – 1027 BC Yellow River ValleyYellow River Valley Advanced cultureAdvanced culture Religion Religion Astronomy Astronomy Calendar Calendar Medicine Medicine Bronze, jade, stone, bone and ceramic artifactsBronze, jade, stone, bone and ceramic artifacts Less contact with foreigners led to belief in:Less contact with foreigners led to belief in: Strong sense of identity Strong sense of identity Cultural Superiority Cultural Superiority Center of earth Center of earth Sole source of civilization Sole source of civilization

20. Zhou China (sounds like “Joe”) 1122 BCE – 256 BCE Bronze, jade, silver, goldBronze, jade, silver, gold Mandate of Heaven (NOT theocracy!)Mandate of Heaven (NOT theocracy!) Power to rule came from heavenPower to rule came from heaven Power could be removed if ruler was unjustPower could be removed if ruler was unjust Veneration of ancestors (RESPECT, NOT worship)Veneration of ancestors (RESPECT, NOT worship) All must honor family responsibilitiesAll must honor family responsibilities Period ended with division (Warring States)Period ended with division (Warring States) Confucianism developed in response to LACK of organizationConfucianism developed in response to LACK of organization

21. Mesoamerica and Andean South America 2900 BCE – 1400 BCE Mesoamerica Mesoamerica Maize, chili peppers, avocados, beans Maize, chili peppers, avocados, beans Pottery Pottery Stone bowls Stone bowls Beads Beads Waddle and daub structures Waddle and daub structures No draft animals No draft animals

22. Mesoamerica and Andean South America 2900 BCE – 1400 BCE Andes Andes Textiles technology Textiles technology Sophisticated government (Socialism) Sophisticated government (Socialism) Religion Religion Lacked ceramics Lacked ceramics Monumental architecture Monumental architecture Large platform mounds Large platform mounds Sunken circular plazas Sunken circular plazas

24. Classical China

25. Qin [Ch’in] Dynasty (221-206 BCE)

26. Han Dynasty (202 BCE-220 CE) = EPIC!

27. Classical India

28. Mauryan Empire (320 BCE-320 CE) Chandragupta Chandragupta Unified northern India after Alexander the Great withdrew Unified northern India after Alexander the Great withdrew Set up efficient bureaucracy Set up efficient bureaucracy Asoka (grandson) Asoka (grandson) Dedicated life to Buddha Dedicated life to Buddha Continued bureaucracy Continued bureaucracy Hospitals, roads Hospitals, roads Law Codes Law Codes

29. Gupta Empire (320-647 CE)  Chandra Gupta I  Bureaucracy  Allowed local government in south  Patriarchal  Hinduism  Caste system continued  Advances  Medicine  Math (decimal, pi)

30. Classical Persia

31. Persian Empire (550 BCE-651 CE)

32. Classical Greece

33. Early History (3000 BCE-750 BCE) Homer

34. Geographic Influence = TRADE

35. City-States

36. Alexander the Great (336-323 BCE)

37. Athenian Contributions

38. Classical Rome

39. Ancient Rome (1500 BCE-500 BCE)

40. Republic 500-27 BCE

41. Empire 27 BCE-476 CE

42. Germanic Invasion = Fall of Rome

43. Trade Routes of the Classical World Trade Routes of the Classical World

44. Goods Traded spices spices gold & ivory rice & wheat horses cotton goods silks

45. Classical Mesoamerica Geographically isolated = slower development, but no less capable

46. Maya (1800 BCE-800 BCE)

47. Chavin (900 BCE-200 BCE)

48. Internal Forces Internal Forces Overpopulation Overpopulation Economic problems Economic problems Social disruption Social disruption Political struggles Political struggles

49. Population size and density decrease dramatically Society tends to become less politically centralized Less investment is made in things such as architecture, art, and literature Trade and other economic activities are greatly diminished The flow of information among people slows The ruling elites may change, but usually the working classes tend to remain and provide continuity