1. Hunters and Gatherers pages 55-61

2. site A place where human once lived

3. Site Example: a dig, Neanderthals in Gibraltar, construction site, cave How I will remember this – a site is place where you see – or have sight of fossils.

4. dig When excavations are happening at a site

5. dig Example: Skara Brae - Catal Huyuk How I will remember this – you dig in the dirt, uncover

6. grid A pattern of squares used to record the location of an artifact or fossil

7. grid Example: graph paper, lines on a map How I will remember this – graph paper, Math grid

8. Artifact A human made objects that archaeologists search for

9. artifact Example: sculpture, tools, weapons, ruins, paintings How I will remember this – ART = artifacts are pieces of art - ART is a FACT made by humans

10. Radiocarbon dating The way experts judge the age of fossils It tells how much carbon remains in a once living person, animal or plant

11. Radiocarbon Dating Example: finding the age of a person, fossil, bones, plants How I will remember this – CARBON dating - seeing how old it is Data

12. Consequence An effect, sometime negative

13. consequence Example: illness, talk to much = detention, actions taken, getting grounded How I will remember this – - it’s a problem – CON – against/bad - sequence – events that happen Sickness punishment

14. Extinct no longer living

15. Extinct Example: dinosaurs, Neanderthals, early humans, mammoths How I will remember this – EX = no longer EXIT= no longer here

16. Migration Seasonal movement from one place to another in search of food, shelter, needed resources

17. Migration Example: geese, monarch butterflies, summer people How I will remember this – migrate= to move My great trip

18. Ice Age A long period of bitter cold

19. Ice Age Example: no enough food = extinct, winter, Neandertals, large ice cube How I will remember this – The movie – Ice Age

20. Glacier Huge sheets of ice covering parts of the Earth’s surface

21. Glacier Example: huge pieces of ice Sheet covers you How I will remember this - Titanic

22. Tundra Large treeless plains found in the arctic

23. Tundra Example: the arctic, snow capped mountain, frozen soil, no leaves How I will remember this – a ton of snow Toyota tundra could drive there

24. Culture A way of life for a particular group beliefs, customs, language & art Over time, all cultures change Language passes customs and traditions on

25. Culture Example: Christmas, Halloween, holidays, clothing, food How I will remember this – Restaurants in Westfield

26. Society An organized group of people living and working under a set of rules and traditions

27. Society Example: South Middle School How I will remember this - social

28. Layer Dating Judging the age of a fossil by the layer of the Earth it is found in Fossils in lower layers are older than fossils in higher layers

29. Layer Dating Example: the game on the computer – the letters, A layer cake Grand Canyon Earth’s layers How I will remember this – Layers = many on top of another – dress for winter, overlapping LAY = one on top of another Dating = date= calendar, age

30. Language Communicating with spoken words

31. Language Example: chinese, spanish, french, english, german, italian, russian, Ukrainian, Hebrew, How I will remember this -

32. Page 56 Why was cooperation important ? To gather food To hunt for food To care for the sick To build shelter To make tools To make clothing

33. Pages 58-60 Between 12,000 and 100,000 The earliest African bands spread to Asia, Europe, Australia, and finally the Americas. How did they reach Australia? They used log rafts and traveled over the water. How did they reach North America? They migrated over a land bridge that crossed the Bering Strait. They traveled from Siberia in Russia to Alaska.

34. Early Cultures varied because of climate and natural resources: Clothing food shelter tools

35. Early cultures varied because of unique individuals: each had their own ideas different solutions to problems met their needs in different ways

36. Climate changes – clothing, food Language allowed stories to be passed Contact with others Cultures Changed:

37. Pass on customs – beliefs, food, clothing Warn of danger Cooperate Share new ideas Create rules How did language help early people develop their own culture?

38. How do people in our society cooperate?