1. The First Americans

2. Arrival ●Between 10,000-100,000 years ago, glaciers covered the earth ●A land bridge was formed between Siberia and Alaska

5. First Americans ●Scientists estimated that the first Americans came across the land bridge 20,000-30,000 years ago ●They were hunter-gatherers

7. Farmers ●Animals began to disappear causing the Native Americans to begin farming ●This allowed them to stay in one location ●Irrigation

8. Irrigation: a method to water crops by channeling water from rivers or streams

10. Earliest Civilizations ●Mayas ●Aztecs ●Incas Civilization: advanced culture in which people have developed cities, science, and industries

11. First Cultures in North America ●all were doing whatever it took to get their basic needs ●shared beliefs o close relationship to the natural world o many rituals

13. Far North Tribes ●People of the Arctic lived in ice and snow all year long ●hunted whales, seals, walruses, caribou, and fished ●Examples were the Inuits and Cree

14. Northwest ●Abundance of food existed in this region o Deer, bears, berries, and salmon ●Many families were wealthy (for the times) ●Examples were the Coos and the Tlingit

15. Southwest ➢ Very dry most of the year ➢ They had to conserve their crops for the dry season ➢ They built houses out of sun-dried brick ➢ The Pueblo Indians were an example

16. Great Plains ❏ This land was between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains ❏ They lived mainly by farming ❏ Women planted corn, beans, and squash ❏ In the west many people lived in tepees ❏ Hunted buffalo ❏ Examples were the Blackfeet, Dakota, Cheyenne, and Comanche

17. Eastern Woodlands ●This area was covered by forests, birches, pines, and beeches ●They lived by hunting, fishing, and getting berries and nuts from trees ●Iroquois were the major tribe in this region ○ women had great power ○ owned all property

18. Southeast ❖ This included the Cherokee and Creek ❖ The winters were mild and summers hot ❖ houses were built on wooden frames and covered with straw, then mud clay was plastered on to keep cool