1. Bellwork  Make sure HOT TOPICS are up to date! (we are now up to #68…)

2. CHAPTER 20 AMERICA AND WORLD WAR II SECTION 1 MOBILIZING FOR WAR

3. Converting the economy  Industrial output was tremendous  Twice as much as Germans  5 times as much as Japanese  In 4 years the US was able to fight and win a war on 2 fronts against 2 powerful military empires  Cost Plus Contracts - - -  Reconstruction Finance Corporation

4. American Industry gets the job done  Automobile factories converted to tank production  Also produced rifles, mines, helmets, pontoon bridges, pots…  Nearly 1/3 of military equipment was produced by the auto industry  Henry Ford created an assembly line to make the B-24 Bomber

5. Building Liberty Ships  Henry Kaizer’s shipyards built cargo ships  Most were welded not riveted  Harder to sink

6. War Production Board  Created to set priorities and production goals  Controlled distribution of raw materials

7. Labor’s Contribution  Women’s Civil Liberties  African-American Civil Liberties

8. Federal Government Takes Control  Office of Economic Stabilization  Regulated wages and prices of farm products  Office of Price Administration  Targeted inflation  Regulated wages on everything except farm products  War Labor Board  Tried to prevent strikes

9. Federal Government Takes Control  Office of Economic Stabilization  Office of Price Administration

10. Rationing  To make sure our troops had what they needed the Office of Price Administration started rationing certain goods  Buying rationed items required  Money  Proper number of correct stamps  Other rations  Speed limits - Gasoline  Restricted driving

11. Victory Gardens

12. Scrap Drives

13. Paying for the War  Small tax increase  War Bonds WARBONDSWARBONDS

15. Building an Army  Japan claimed to reduce the US to a third rate power  When Germany invaded Poland FDR worked to increase our military  SELECTIVE SERVICE AND TRAINING ACT  Established the first peace time draft

16. You’re in the Army Now! (or Navy)  Training facilities were flooded with draftees and volunteers  Draftees were given physicals and vaccinations and uniforms….  GI  Basic Training created units not individuals

17. FDR and Churchill 1. Top priority – defeat Hitler 2. Unconditional surrender would be accepted

18. Battle of the Atlantic Hitler’s subs were ordered to … US ships were unprotected and easy to spot Radar and Sonar Ship Building program

19. Battle of the Atlantic

25. Battle for Stalingrad Hitler and Stalin May 1942

26. Battle for Stalingrad

31. Operation Torch General Eisenhower and General Patton

32. Operation Torch General Rommel

33. Operation Torch

36. Battle of Kasserine Pass

37. Casablanca Conference  FDR and Churchill  Two Points of Conference

38. Strategic Bombing of Germany  Existing=  New=  Results=

39. Striking the “Soft Underbelly”  Who was the “Soft Underbelly”?  Eisenhower  Sicily  King Emmanuel  Surrender/Hitler  Anzio

40. The Big Three  Roosevelt  Stalin  Churchill

41. Agreements of the Big 3  Stalin would attack ___ when Allied invasion of France took place  FDR and Stalin would break up ___ after war  Stalin agreed to help the US against ___  Accepted FDR’s proposal to establish the ___

42. Segregated Army  Trained separately  Served in segregated units  Most were kept out of combat  “Double V”  Why?

43. Pushing for a Double “V”  African Americans started a campaign to unite  First defeat Hitler’s racism and then end racism in the US  FDR ordered military to recruit African Americans and use them in combat  BENJAMIN O. DAVIS – appointed by FDR to rank of Brigadier General

44. African Americans in Combat  Tuskegee Airmen  Bomber escorts  African Americans in combat did very well!! Some were highly decorated

45. Tuskegee Airmen

46. Women in the Armed Forces  Women enlisted but were kept from combat  Woman’s Army Auxiliary Corps  Not a part of the regular army – women got mad  Woman’s Army Corps replaced WAAC

47. Americans Go to War  US suffered the fewest casualties of all major powers involved in war  US soldiers did not adopt the “spit and polish” European style

48. D-Day Invasion Operation Overlord

49. Planning Operation Overlord  FDR appoints  Hitler fortified  Decoys?  Normandy

50. Preparations and Conditions  Many things to consider for the invasion:  What was brought to the party:

51. June 6 th - The Longest Day  Eisenhower gave the “go ahead”  Overall success-

55. Battle of the Bulge

56. The Battle of the Bulge  Aachen  Germans  McAuiffe  Intelligence Reports  From this point on…

59. Unconditional Surrender  Liberation of Death Camps  Allied Forces pushed EAST  Soviet Forces pushed WEST  Unconditional Surrender  April 25 th  April 29 th  April 30 th  V-E Day (May 8 th )

60. General Douglas Mac Arthur Japan attacked Philippines 2 hours after Pearl Harbor Mac Arthur is the US Commander in the Pacific Bataan Peninsula Defended Philippines for 3 months Ordered to withdraw by FDR

61. Admiral Chester Nimitz Commander of US Navy in the Pacific Began planning attack against the Japanese Navy using aircraft carriers JAPANESE ADVANCES In the first six months after Pearl Harbor, Japan conquered land in Asia and in the Pacific. Japan had so much land, Hitler’s Empire looked tiny! Japan even took two Alaskan Islands!

62. Bataan Death March

67. Bell Work  Complete the PACIFIC map

68. Doolittle Planned the “Pearl Harbor” style attack on Japan

69. Doolittle Raid

72. Nimitz/Tarawa  Island Hopping-  Nimitz and his problems at Tarawa

73. MacArthur and Guadalcanal  Guadalcanal  MacArthur comes back!!!  Kamikaze

74. Battle of the Coral Sea May 1942

75. Battle of the Coral Sea

78. Battle of Midway June 1942

79. Battle of Midway

82. Now Attention Shifts to JAPAN  The Battle of Iwo Jima  April 12, 1945  Fire Bombs

83. Battle for Okinawa  Why was Okinawa so important?  When does it end?  How many lives are lost?

84. The Manhattan Project  Committee to research the possibilities ___  J Robert Oppenheimer  New Mexico

85. To Bomb or Not to Bomb  Debate over whether or not to warn Japan  Truman’s beliefs  August 6, 1945  August 9, 1945  August 15, 1945

88. Creation of the United Nations  April 1945  Charter  1 General Assembly  2 Security Council  3 Powers

89. Nuremberg War Trials  German officers put on trial for war crimes  1 st trial= 12 of 22 officers sentenced to ___  Over 200 more put on trial after!  1 st time a nation’s leaders were held responsible for wartime actions

90. Occupation of Japan  Led by MacArthur  Established a new constitution  Established a Democratic government  Still known as the “MacArthur Constitution”

91. Hitler

92. Bellwork  How did WWII lift America out of the Great Depression?

93. LIFE ON THE HOMEFRONT

94.  World War II created 19 million jobs and many salaries doubled!!!  GOOD BYE DEPRESSION  To fill the new jobs employers hired women and minorities  Women began to work in the defense plants  Rosie the Riveter

96. African Americans demand war work  Factories resisted  A. Philip Randolph  FDR issued an Executive Order  No discrimination in the work place  Employment Practices Commission

97. Mexicans become farm workers  Bracero Program

98. War Time Migration  Where are the jobs?  cities  What is just ending?  Great Depression  What happens to the population?  The move where the jobs are!!!!  The Sun Belt  Most headed south and west to the new industrial region

99. Housing Crisis  All this movement caused a housing shortage in the cities  Tents and trailers

100. Social Adjustments  Father-less Homes  “Turn-key” kids  New Families  GI Bill of Rights  Education  Training

101. Racism Explodes  Great Migration picks back up  Competition for jobs  Detroit 1943  June  Black and White girls  25 9 killed  Still committed to “Double V”

102. Zoot Suit Riots  1943  Los Angeles

103. Japanese American Relocation  When Pearl Harbor was attacked Americans turned against Japanese living in the US  Executive Order 9066  Internment Camps  Neisi  Japanese in the war effort  1988 – Ronald Reagan

105. Bell Work  Take the last page of the Chapter 19 packet and the last page of Chapter 20 packet and staple them together.

106. Driving the Japanese Back  D-Day and Japanese invasion planned at the same time!  Two pronged attack:  Nimitz  MacArthur

107. Audie Murphy  Most decorated US solider

109. Audie Murphy