1. United States Power Squadrons®
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
United States Power Squadrons®
Advanced Piloting Course (Coastal Navigation) Chapter 3 Fixes Educational Officer – Dave West Assistant Educational Officer – David Moberg – Instructor – Art Mollica
Introduce USPS and what we do
Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors
Explain the logistics for the session
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

2. Any questions on homework from Chapter 1?
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Any questions on homework from Chapter 1?
The chart projection used for U.S. coastal areas is: (b) Mercator.
An advantage of the Mercator projection is: (c) lines of latitude and longitude are at right angles to each other.
When comparing a land mass at a latitude of 70ºN on a Mercator chart with a comparable size land mass near the equator, the: (b) land mass at 70 ºN will appear larger.
Polyconic projections are useful especially when traveling over great distances. (b) False
As long as a Polyconic chart is limited in extent, the curvature of the grid lines is negligible and the chart is very accurate. (a) True
On a Polyconic projection, the parallels of latitude are straight lines. (b) False
In planning a cruise, the steering error that can be expected under normal weather conditions is: (b) between 3 º to 5 º.
The smaller your boat’s compass, the easier it is to read. (b) False
One of the most important advantages of pre-plotting a cruise is that it tells you: (c) areas of hazard to be avoided.
When underway in waters near land, it’s best to plot GPS fixes and time every: (c) hour or so.
Introduce USPS and what we do
Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors
Explain the logistics for the session
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

3. Any questions on homework from Chapter 1?
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Any questions on homework from Chapter 1?
Raster formatted digital charts: (b) have the look and feel of traditional paper charts.
Vector formatted digital charts: (d) are easily stored on chips or cartridges.
Digital charts are less accurate than traditional paper charts. (b) False
Using the zoom function on a raster digital chart increases the precision of detail. (b) False
Chart scale is a factor in determining the accuracy of a digital chart, therefore: (b) a large scale chart covers a small area with great detail.
The use of a Chartplotter requires: (d) input from a digital chart to activate the display.
Introduce USPS and what we do
Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors
Explain the logistics for the session
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

4. Any questions on homework from Chapter 2?
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Any questions on homework from Chapter 2?
Computer-assisted navigation systems are: (b) useful for planning a cruise in the comfort on one’s home or office.
The most accurate radar fix is obtained by: (d) using simultaneous ranges to two or more known points.
An electronic bearing line (EBL) lays a line of bearing over a target to: (b) determine the bearing to the target.
The variable range marker (VRM) on the radar display screen is used to determine: (c) distance to a target.
Range rings on a radar display screen allow the operator to estimate the: (a) distance to a displayed object.
According to the rules of relative motion: (b) all fixed objects appear to be moving in the direction opposite from your boat’s motion.
According to the rules of relative motion, on a boat’s radar screen when your boat increases speed going forward, all relative motion tends to move toward the bottom of the display screen. (a) True
Fixed objects can be differentiated from moving objects on the radar screen by noting which objects appear to be moving: (d) downward on the radar screen in relation to your boat’s course and speed.
Introduce USPS and what we do
Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors
Explain the logistics for the session
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

5. Any questions on homework from Chapter 2?
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Any questions on homework from Chapter 2?
A “lollypop” displayed on a radar screen is a dashed line to a circle: (b) indicating a GPS waypoint.
A depth sounder, when combined with another navigation tool, can be used to estimate a boat’s position. (a) True
The primary purpose of a depth sounder is to: (c) determined water depth below the hull of a boat.
Depth sounders can be used to crosscheck the proper functioning of the GPS. (a) True
Introduce USPS and what we do
Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors
Explain the logistics for the session
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

6. Visual Bearing Limitations
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Visual Bearing Limitations
Multiple Bearings
Simultaneous Bearings Often Difficult
Landmarks not Separated Sufficiently
Landmarks too Far Away
Only one Landmark available
Two Bearings on same Landmark
Sight Landmark from Different Directions
Second Bearing Somewhat Later
Called ‘Running Fix’
Advance First Bearing to Current Position
Use Distance Run to Determine How Far
Surely, you have questions.
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

7. Running Fix N “3” 0935-1012 325M 1012 060M 1012 0935 325M C 285M S 7.5
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Running Fix
N “3”
325M
1012
060M
1012
0935
325M
C 285M
S 7.5
1012 RFix
0935
Surely, you have questions.
C 285M
S 7.5
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

8. Running Fix N “9” 1415 060M C 090M 1415 1445 RFix S 7.5 C 090M
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Running Fix
N “9”
1415
060M
C 090M
S 7.5
1415
1445 RFix
C 090M
S 7.5
060M
1445
Surely, you have questions.
1445
170M
C “14”
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

9. Running Fix (open ocean)
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Running Fix (open ocean)
Taught in JN
Charts not available
Create on using CLS
NavAids not available
Sights on Sun
Morning
Noon
Evening
Advance
Morning to noon
Noon to evening
Evening to morning
Surely, you have questions.
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

10. Take out Bowditch Bay Chart.
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Exercise 3 - 1
Take out Bowditch Bay Chart.
Using two bearings on the same landmark and advance an LOP to plot a Running Fix.
At 0900, depart R”2” Fl R 4s Oyster River on a true course of 355. Speed is 6.0 Kn.
At 0926, you take a hand bearing compass bearing of 310 on Chapman Point Light.
At 0955, you take a second compass bearing of 260 on Chapman Point Light.
With these two bearings, plot a running fix.
What are the coordinates of the 0955 running fix?
Seaman’s Eye: What can you use to confirm the accuracy of the 0955 fix?
At 0955, you take up a magnetic heading of 099. You increase your speed to 12 Kn. M
0955
C 099M S 12.0 M
0955 RFix M
0926
M = 099
V = 015W
T = 084
You are nearly
due north of
G C”1”,
confirming your
position
41º 42.7’N
72º 01.6’W
D = (ST) / 60
D = 6.0x29/60
D = 2.9nm
D = (ST) / 60
D = 6.0x26/60
D = 2.6nm
T = 355
V = 015W
M = 010
D = 000
C = 010
C 010M S 6.0
Surely, you have questions.
0900 Visual
C = 260
D = 000
M = 260
V = 015W
T = 245
C = 310
D = 000
M = 310
V = 015W
T = 295
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

11. Homework Exercise 3-1 Running Fix
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Homework Exercise 3-1
Running Fix
At 1300, depart from a GPS fix of L 41º 45.0’ N, Lo 71º 55.0’ W on true course of 230º and speed of 6.0kn.
At 1330, take a hand-bearing compass bearing of 318º on “Fl R 6s Horn.”
At 1355, take a hand-bearing compass bearing of 280º on “Chapman Pt “Fl 6s”
Plot 1355 running fix.
What are the coordinates?
L 41º 41.6’ N Lo 72º 01.7’ W
Take up a heading to RW “OR” Mo(A).
1300 GPS
C 245M S 6.0 M M
1330
0955
C 099M S 12.0
0955 RFix M
1355 RFix M
1355 M
C 175M S 6.0 M
Introduce USPS and what we do
Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors
Explain the logistics for the session
0926
C 010M S 6.0
0900 Visual
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

12. Radar Fix Compare with Chart Identifiable features Distinct Shorelines
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Radar Fix
Compare with Chart
Identifiable features
Distinct Shorelines
Isolated Buoys
Plot
Convert Relative Bearings
Distance & Bearing to return echoes
Accuracy
Short Distances (<1/4nm): EBL 55ft; VRM 30ft
Medium Distances (<2nm): EBL 300ft; VRM 75ft
Long Distances (>3nm): EBL 650ft; VRM 200ft
Surely, you have questions.
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

13. Radar Plotting Board 1/2rr CPA / TCPA 1004 2.4nm 084º R
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Radar Plotting Board
1/2rr
CPA / TCPA
nm 084º R
nm 064º R
nm 028º R
1016
1010
Modern, high-end radar uses mini-automatic radar plotting aid (MARPA) – allowing you to identify vessel, speed, bearing, closest point of approach and time to closest point of approach.
1004
Surely, you have questions.
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

14. Radar Images Buoys are Point Targets Challenge: Uniquely Identify Buoy
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Radar Images
Buoys are Point Targets
Challenge: Uniquely Identify Buoy
Shoreline Less Defined
Shapes Change with Each Sweep
Only See Forward Slope
Low-lying Areas may not Provide Echoes
Look for Point Features of Shoreline
Look for Prominent Regions
Get Distance from each Feature
Approximate Position Likely
Surely, you have questions.
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

15. Position by Radar C 275M S 7.5 Time Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Position by Radar
C 275M
S 7.5
Time
Surely, you have questions.
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

16. Position by Radar 3nm 275ºM + R/R 1 / 2 H – UP AUTO M EBL 1 VRM 1
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Position by Radar +
3nm
R/R
1 / 2
H – UP
AUTO M
275ºM
EBL 1
VRM 1
245.0º R
01.80 NM
EBL 2
VRM 2
020.0º R
00.00 NM
CURSOR
BRG 000º
RNG 01.8NM
VRM1
EBL1
EBL2
Surely, you have questions.
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

17. Position by Radar + Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017
Surely, you have questions.
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

18. Position by Radar EBL1 245ºR EBL2 020ºR Range 1.8nm C 275M S 7.5 D 1.8
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Position by Radar
EBL1 245ºR EBL2 020ºR Range 1.8nm
C 275M
S 7.5
D 1.8
Time
Time
295M
MC 275º RB 245º 520º º MB 160º V 15ºW TB 145º
Time Radar
Surely, you have questions.
Time
160M
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

19. Take out Bowditch Bay Chart.
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Exercise 3 – 2
Take out Bowditch Bay Chart.
Using a radar range and a radar bearing on two objects, plot a radar fix.
You depart RG “CP” Fl (2+1) R 6s at 0900 on a magnetic heading of 112. Speed is 6.0 Kn.
M 122º V 15ºW T 107º
C 112M
0900 Visual
S 6.0
Surely, you have questions.
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

20. At 0950, this is your radar screen image, plot a radar fix.
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Exercise 3 – 2 +
3nm
R/R
1 / 2
H – UP
AUTO M
112ºM
EBL 1
VRM 1
245.0º R
01.50 NM
EBL 2
VRM 2
000.0º R
00.00 NM
CURSOR
BRG 000º
RNG 00.0NM
Surely, you have questions.
At 0950, this is your radar screen image, plot a radar fix.
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

21. Take out Bowditch Bay Chart.
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Exercise 3 – 2
Take out Bowditch Bay Chart.
Using a radar range and a radar bearing on two objects, plot a radar fix.
C 112M
S 6.0
D 1.5
0900 Visual
0950 Radar
Surely, you have questions.
0950 M
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

22. Homework Exercise 3-2 Radar Position
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Homework Exercise 3-2
Radar Position
Determine where you are based on the radar screen below.
What are the coordinates of your position?
L 41º 38.7’ N Lo 72º 05.1’ W
Which of the returns are from buoys? Which buoys?
RG “CP”
G “11”
R “14”
Introduce USPS and what we do
Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors
Explain the logistics for the session
G “13”
R “4”
R “16” G “15”
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

23. 10 MINUTE BREAK PLEASE TAKE YOUR SEATS 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
10 MINUTE BREAK 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
PLEASE TAKE YOUR SEATS
Introduce USPS and what we do
Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors
Explain the logistics for the session
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

24. United States Power Squadrons®
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
United States Power Squadrons®
Advanced Piloting Course (Coastal Navigation) Chapter 4 Avoidance Techniques Educational Officer – Dave West Assistant Educational Officer – David Moberg – Instructor – Art Mollica
Introduce USPS and what we do
Introduce the Instructor(s) and Proctors
Explain the logistics for the session
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

25. Danger Bearings NMT 245M NLT 070M VSSPR36 VSSPR34
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Danger Bearings
NMT 245M
NLT 070M
VSSPR36
Surely, you have questions.
VSSPR34
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

26. Exercise 4-1 Danger Bearing
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Exercise 4-1
Danger Bearing
Plot waypoint “TWRN” at Tower R Lt north of Channel Island and “ORRW” at RW “OR” Mo “A”.
At 1000 depart ORRW for TWRN at 7.0kn.
Plot a danger bearing that will keep you west of Channel Island, coming no closer than the 12ft sounding curve.
Take a GPS fix when you reach a point 2.1nm from TWRN and the waypoint bears 037ºM.
From this fix, take up a magnetic heading of 105º and increase speed to 9.0kn.
TWRN
D 2.1
T = 090 V= 15W M = 105
1058 – 1000 = D = ST D = 7x58/ D = 6.8
1058
C 105M S 7.0
1058 GPS
NLT 030M
T = 015 V = 15W M = 030
Surely, you have questions.
C 037M S 7.0
T = 022 V = 15W M = 037
ORRW
1000
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

27. Danger Sector DANCHI NLT 250M NMT 235M Danger Sector
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Danger Sector
DANCHI
NLT 250M
NMT 235M
Danger Sector
Surely, you have questions.
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

28. Crosstrack Error (XTE)
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Crosstrack Error (XTE)
XTE 0.3nm
AISI1
AISI2
C 270M
0.6nm
Surely, you have questions.
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

29. Exercise 4-2 Crosstrack Error
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Exercise 4-2
Crosstrack Error
Plot waypoint “BB17” at 41º 38.8’ N 71º 55.0’ W and “BB18” at 41º 38.8’ N 72º 06.7’ W. Using these waypoints as your intended course line plot and label a crosstrack error which will provide a safe passage.
XTE 1.0
BB17
C 285M
T = 270 M = 15W M = 285
BB18
Surely, you have questions.
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

30. Danger Circle D NLT 1.0nm WFBPS Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017
Surely, you have questions.
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

31. Exercise 4-3 Danger Circle
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Exercise 4-3
Danger Circle
Using a charted visible object, plot and label a danger circle around the rocks at Rocky Neck Point.
Create a GPS waypoint and plot and label a danger circle around the rocks south of Channel Island.
DCIR
D NLT 0.3
Surely, you have questions.
D NLT 1.5
DRNPR
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

32. Exercise 4-4 Radar Avoidance
Piloting Chapter 1
4/21/2017
Exercise 4-4
Radar Avoidance
Plot and label a radar danger circle to avoid the rocky area to the south of Channel Island to ensure you stay at least 0.5 nm away from the rocks as you navigate on a true course of 270º.
D NLT 1.3
0.5
Surely, you have questions.
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

33. Alarm Zones Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017
Surely, you have questions.
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

34. Questions ? … Comments Piloting 2004 - Chapter 1 4/21/2017
Surely, you have questions.
Pre-release - Spring Governing Board

35. Homework Read Chapters 5 – Student Guide
Do Part I and II of the Weekend Cruise
Next Class – 3 May