1. Sociality and Disease Resistance Rosengaus et al. 1998. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 44:125-134.

2. Cost/Benefit of Sociality: Disease Social Organization: Cost Increased Contact Between Individuals Greater Transmission of Direct-Contact Pathogens Social Organization: Benefit Allogrooming Remove Parasites, Spores Antibiotic Transfer

3. Rosengaus et al (1998) Wood-dwelling social insects (termites and ants) Live and/or feed in diverse microbial community Includes pathogens Controlled microclimate, Good for pathogen growth Social adaptations to disease?

4. Rosengaus et al (1998) Dampwood termite Zootermopsis angusticollis Entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium amisopliae Infection can be lethal

5. Rosengaus et al (1998) Spray water/conidiospores on filter paper Control: water only Termites walk on paper for one hour Transfer to groups, size = 1, 10, 25 10 – 25, Similar to young, developing colony

6. Rosengaus et al (1998) Treatment groups: Environmentally exposed: blue Differentiate any mortality Direct vs contact exposure Monitored survival/mortality for 20 days

7. Rosengaus et al (1998) Open square: Control Closed square: G = 1 Circle: G = 10 Triangle: G = 25

9. Rosengaus et al (1998) Social group: significantly higher survival Allogrooming: Before/after spores appeared

12. Rosengaus et al (1998) 53-fold increase in allogrooming 24 hours after exposure Remove spores from cuticle Saliva may inhibit spore viability Discovered new ‘vibratory” display