1. That Nation of Shopkeepers! -- Napoleon

2. Industrial Societies ??? Capitalism ??? Socialism

3. Agricultural Revolution EquipmentRotation of Crops Enclosure Movement

4. Number of man-hours to produce crop Increase in amount of agricultural products produced on farms, 1850- 1900

7. Crystal Palace - 1851 Exhibitions of the new industrial utopia.

8. Crystal Palace: British Ingenuity on Display

9. First Industrial Revolution: Late 18 th century to 1860 Rotary press Cotton gin Steel plow Sewing machine Mechanical reaper Telegraph Early train

10. Steam Engines

11. Young Coal Miners Child “hurriers”

12. The Factory System  Rigid schedule.  Unfair conditions.  Dangerous conditions.  Mind-numbing monotony.

13. Young “Bobbin-Doffers”

14. Textile Factory Workers in England

15. An Early Steam Locomotive

16. Later Locomotives

17. The Impact of the Railroad

18. Corporate business organization Laissez- Faire attitude of government Capital for investment Large labor supply National market Abundant resources Technology and Inventions Second Industrial Revolution

19. Transatlantic Cable Telegraph The first cable crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Valentia Island, in western Ireland to Newfoundland. The Transatlantic cable connected North America with Europe, making communication possible in minutes rather than the usual days by ship. A stable connection was established in 1866 and more cables were laid down until the turn of the century.

20. Iron ore production in millions of tons, 1870-1913

21. What is the difference between iron and steel? Iron has been used by humans for thousands of years to make various items like weapons, cooking utensils, jewelry, and statues. In the U.S. it was an important industry. The first railroads were constructed with iron rails. Steel is much stronger and more flexible (it doesn't break as easily). When iron is smelted from its ore by commercial processes, it contains more carbon than is desirable. To become steel, it must be melted and reprocessed to remove the correct amount of carbon, which is very expensive. It would not be cost effective to make steel until the Bessemer converter was invented by Henry Bessemer in England.

22. An English Mill Town

23. Industrial Staffordshire

24. The New Industrial City

25. Early-19c London by Gustave Dore

26. Workers Housing in Newcastle

27. % of world manufacturing by nations 1870-1913. “Other Nations” means every other country in the world combined.

28.  Laissez-faire  Social Darwinism  Individualism

29. Laissez Faire originated in France during the _________ Based on the idea that the government should not intervene in __________; instead natural law or market forces would regulate Adam _____ popularized the term and concept in his book _______ __ ________ This approach was embraced by industrialists during this era who did not want the government to regulate them in any way This type of economics was called the _________ school. Laissez Faire originated in France during the _________ Based on the idea that the government should not intervene in __________; instead natural law or market forces would regulate Adam _____ popularized the term and concept in his book _______ __ ________ This approach was embraced by industrialists during this era who did not want the government to regulate them in any way This type of economics was called the _________ school. Herbert Spencer is best remembered for his ideas that have become known as “Social Darwinism”. Social Darwinism advocated laissez-faire capitalism. Spencer believed that competition was “the law of life” and resulted in the “survival of the fittest”, a phrase he used years before Darwin. Spencer argued in his various writings that society is best served when its fittest members operate without opposition. Herbert Spencer is best remembered for his ideas that have become known as “Social Darwinism”. Social Darwinism advocated laissez-faire capitalism. Spencer believed that competition was “the law of life” and resulted in the “survival of the fittest”, a phrase he used years before Darwin. Spencer argued in his various writings that society is best served when its fittest members operate without opposition.

30. High Wages More Kids Next Generation Lower Wages Fewer Kids Next Generation

31.  The idea that a person should not rely upon others for success  This philosophy was evident from the beginning of United States history  Author Horatio Alger made this concept the theme of his books in which a poor young man is able to create wealth and success through his hard work  Later the term “rugged individualism” becomes popular